L'apport de la gestion de production aux sciences agronomiques. Le cas des ressources fourragères

Coleno, Francois-Christophe; Duru, Michel

doi:10.1051/nss:2005039

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It was thus this period that we referred to during the interviews before addressing the question of measures envisaged for the future, and in particular with respect to a scenario of alternation of dry years and humid years 2 . We have classified these measures in different production units or "on-farm enterprises" (Coléno and Duru, 2005): (1) constitution of stocks to provide winter feed for the herd, (2) grazing, with a distinction being made in some cases for (3) an alpine pasture phase, (4) herd management, (5) other crops. The measures introduced may thus concern the management of an on-farm enterprise (sizing, scheduling of tasks, technical aspects) or the coordination between enterprises.…”

Section: The Forage System and Its "On-farm Enterprises"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes of livestock farmers and sensitivity of livestock farming systems to drought conditions in the French Alps

Nettier¹,

Dobremez²,

Coussy³

et al. 2010

rga

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Livestock farming systems in the French Alps are particularly exposed to the predicted climate change and most of them have already experienced periods of drought since the beginning of the 2000s. Faced with this risk, livestock farmers have put in place a certain number of measures and envisage introducing others in the future. For the present study, surveys were conducted among livestock farmers to identify these measures and analyses were carried out to characterise the attitudes of livestock farmers to drought conditions and to evaluate changes in the sensitivity of their livestock farming systems. With the exception of those farms with extensive irrigated areas, all the farms are seeking solutions to deal with the risks arising from droughts. One solution is to purchase fodder to compensate for the decrease in the harvests that normally provide animal feed in the winter; the amounts purchased vary with the length of wintering required. For the grazing periods, the high mountain livestock breeders and the dairy systems of the Northern Alps rely above all on extending and over-sizing the pasture areas in relation to the needs of the herds. The livestock farms of the Southern Alps also rely on the diversity of vegetation areas and a certain flexibility in the practices used to adapt to conditions experienced during the year. A succession of dry years could result in more radical breakdowns in the livestock systems. It should also be remembered that climate change is only one of the factors influencing the types of changes taking place on farms.
Les systèmes d'élevage des Alpes françaises sont fortement exposés au changement climatique annoncé et la plupart subissent déjà des épisodes de sécheresse depuis le début des années 2000. Face à ces aléas, les éleveurs ont mis en œuvre un certain nombre de leviers et envisagent d'en activer d'autres à l'avenir. Des enquêtes en exploitation ont permis d’identifier ces leviers. Leur analyse permet de caractériser les attitudes des éleveurs face aux sécheresses et d’évaluer l’évolution de la sensibilité de leurs systèmes d’élevage. A l'exception des exploitations disposant de surfaces irriguées importantes, toutes les exploitations cherchent d'abord à contourner l’aléa. Elles ont recours aux achats de fourrage pour compenser la baisse des récoltes destinées aux stocks hivernaux, mais à des degrés divers selon la durée de l’hivernage. Pour les périodes de pâturage, les éleveurs de haute montagne et les systèmes laitiers des Alpes du nord jouent avant tout sur un système résistant grâce à l’agrandissement et au surdimensionnement des pâtures par rapport aux besoins du troupeau. Les exploitations pastorales des Alpes du sud misent aussi sur une diversité de surfaces et une certaine latitude dans la conduite technique pour s'adapter aux conditions de l'année. Une succession répétée d’années sèches pourrait se traduire par des ruptures plus radicales dans les systèmes d’élevage. Il faut aussi garder à l’esprit que le changement climatique n'est qu'un des facteurs influençant...

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Section: The Forage System and Its "On-farm Enterprises"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes of livestock farmers and sensitivity of livestock farming systems to drought conditions in the French Alps

Nettier¹,

Dobremez²,

Coussy³

et al. 2010

rga

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“…These conceptual levels ensure: (i) the consistency between the farmer's project, the strategy and technical operations on goats; (ii) the flexibility to represent different production projects; and (iii) the consistency between reproductive and feeding strategies. The translation of a farmer's project into a herd organisation in FG is close to the conceptual framework developed for grazing systems (Colé no and Duru, 2005;Martin et al, 2008). In these approaches, the first step in management representation is production system configuration.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An individual-based model simulating goat response variability and long-term herd performance

Puillet

Martin²,

Sauvant³

et al. 2010

Animal

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Finding ways of increasing the efficiency of production systems is a key issue of sustainability. System efficiency is based on long-term individual efficiency, which is highly variable and management driven. To study the effects of management on herd and individual efficiency, we developed the model simulation of goat herd management (SIGHMA). This dynamic model is individual-based and represents the interactions between technical operations (relative to replacement, reproduction and feeding) and individual biological processes (performance dynamics based on energy partitioning and production potential). It simulates outputs at both herd and goat levels over 20 years. A farmer's production project (i.e. a targeted milk production pattern) is represented by configuring the herd into female groups reflecting the organisation of kidding periods. Each group is managed by discrete events applying decision rules to simulate the carrying out of technical operations. The animal level is represented by a set of individual goat models. Each model simulates a goat's biological dynamics through its productive life. It integrates the variability of biological responses driven by genetic scaling parameters (milk production potential and mature body weight), by the regulations of energy partitioning among physiological functions and by responses to diet energy defined by the feeding strategy. A sensitivity analysis shows that herd efficiency was mainly affected by feeding management and to a lesser extent by the herd production potential. The same effects were observed on herd milk feed costs with an even lower difference between production potential and feeding management. SIGHMA was used in a virtual experiment to observe the effects of feeding strategies on herd and individual performances. We found that overfeeding led to a herd production increase and a feed cost decrease. However, this apparent increase in efficiency at the herd level (as feed cost decreased) was related to goats that had directed energy towards body reserves. Such a process is not efficient as far as feed conversion is concerned. The underfeeding strategy led to production decrease and to a slight feed cost decrease. This apparent increase in efficiency was related to goats that had mobilised their reserves to sustain production. Our results highlight the interest of using SIGHMA to study the underlying processes affecting herd performance and analyse the role of individual variability regarding herd response to management. It opens perspectives to further quantify the link between individual variability, herd performance and management and thus further our understanding of livestock farming systems.Keywords: simulation, herd, management, individual variability, dairy goat ImplicationsThe evaluation and design of sustainable livestock farming systems require predicting herd responses to management. This study describes a dairy goat herd model, representing dynamic interactions between management and individual biological processes. The model provides a...

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“…C'est donc sur cette période que nous sommes revenus au cours des entretiens avant d'aborder les leviers envisagés à l'avenir, notamment par rapport à un scénario avec succession d'années sèches et d'années humides 2 . Nous avons classé ces leviers dans différents « ateliers de production » (Coléno et Duru, 2005) : (1) constitution des stocks en vue de l'alimentation hivernale du troupeau, (2) pâturage, en distinguant, le cas échéant, (3) une phase d'alpage, (4) conduite du troupeau, (5) autres cultures. Les leviers activés peuvent ainsi concerner la conduite d'un atelier (dimensionnement, ordonnancement des tâches, modalités des pratiques techniques) ou la coordination entre ateliers.…”

Section: Attitudes Des éLeveurs Et Sensibilité Des Systèmes D'élevageunclassified

Attitudes des éleveurs et sensibilité des systèmes d'élevage face aux sécheresses dans les Alpes françaises

Nettier¹,

Dobremez²,

Coussy³

et al. 2010

rga

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Les systèmes d'élevage des Alpes françaises sont fortement exposés au changement climatique annoncé et la plupart subissent déjà des épisodes de sécheresse depuis le début des années 2000. Face à ces aléas, les éleveurs ont mis en œuvre un certain nombre de leviers et envisagent d'en activer d'autres à l'avenir. Des enquêtes en exploitation ont permis d’identifier ces leviers. Leur analyse permet de caractériser les attitudes des éleveurs face aux sécheresses et d’évaluer l’évolution de la sensibilité de leurs systèmes d’élevage. A l'exception des exploitations disposant de surfaces irriguées importantes, toutes les exploitations cherchent d'abord à contourner l’aléa. Elles ont recours aux achats de fourrage pour compenser la baisse des récoltes destinées aux stocks hivernaux, mais à des degrés divers selon la durée de l’hivernage. Pour les périodes de pâturage, les éleveurs de haute montagne et les systèmes laitiers des Alpes du nord jouent avant tout sur un système résistant grâce à l’agrandissement et au surdimensionnement des pâtures par rapport aux besoins du troupeau. Les exploitations pastorales des Alpes du sud misent aussi sur une diversité de surfaces et une certaine latitude dans la conduite technique pour s'adapter aux conditions de l'année. Une succession répétée d’années sèches pourrait se traduire par des ruptures plus radicales dans les systèmes d’élevage. Il faut aussi garder à l’esprit que le changement climatique n'est qu'un des facteurs influençant les modes de transformation des exploitations.
Livestock farming systems in the French Alps are particularly exposed to the predicted climate change and most of them have already experienced periods of drought since the beginning of the 2000s. Faced with this risk, livestock farmers have put in place a certain number of measures and envisage introducing others in the future. For the present study, surveys were conducted among livestock farmers to identify these measures and analyses were carried out to characterise the attitudes of livestock farmers to drought conditions and to evaluate changes in the sensitivity of their livestock farming systems. With the exception of those farms with extensive irrigated areas, all the farms are seeking solutions to deal with the risks arising from droughts. One solution is to purchase fodder to compensate for the decrease in the harvests that normally provide animal feed in the winter; the amounts purchased vary with the length of wintering required. For the grazing periods, the high mountain livestock breeders and the dairy systems of the Northern Alps rely above all on extending and over-sizing the pasture areas in relation to the needs of the herds. The livestock farms of the Southern Alps also rely on the diversity of vegetation areas and a certain flexibility in the practices used to adapt to conditions experienced during the year. A succession of dry years could result in more radical breakdowns in the livestock systems. It should also be remembered that climate change is only one of the factors influenc...

show abstract

L'apport de la gestion de production aux sciences agronomiques. Le cas des ressources fourragères

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Attitudes of livestock farmers and sensitivity of livestock farming systems to drought conditions in the French Alps

Attitudes of livestock farmers and sensitivity of livestock farming systems to drought conditions in the French Alps

An individual-based model simulating goat response variability and long-term herd performance

Attitudes des éleveurs et sensibilité des systèmes d'élevage face aux sécheresses dans les Alpes françaises

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