L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 subshell fluorescence yields: Updated database and new empirical values

There is a magnitude larger scatter in the experimental data of fundamental parameters than the claimed error estimate. We give examples from recent compilations of excitation and decay parameter values for the untenable large scatters, indicating methodological problems. One is the improper use of uncertainty estimation. The measured spectrum is not expected to follow Poisson distribution. We report proper statistical uncertainty calculations. It implies a two to five times larger uncertainty but still does not account for the large scatter. The other possible explanation could be rooted in the ill-posed problem of exponential analysis, as radiation measurement belongs to this category. We give evidence from particle-induced X-ray emission and X-ray fluorescence for additional exponential terms, thus leading to multi-exponential analysis. This could explain the large scatter, as the usual square root of counts rule cannot be used for the standard uncertainty. We present a novel approach where discriminators are used to reduce the number of exponentials and the discriminated events are also processed and collected into a separate spectrum. Analyzing both spectra and the live time and dead time clocks allows the determination of the true input counts. It is a non-extended dead time approach. With this approach, we have a much reduced statistical uncertainty, and both the total spectrum and the fractional spectrum have the same uncertainty. As an independent quality assurance tool, the time interval histogram analysis is also presented.

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“…We demonstrate this in Fig. , for the L 1 subshell fluorescence yield from a recent compilation . We plotted out the data for Tl and Pb.…”

Section: Examples Of Data Scattermentioning

confidence: 62%

“…L 1 ‐shell fluorescence yield for Tl and Pb from the study of Sahnounea et al . The weighted average values, where the weight is the uncertainty of the experimental value are given with a square.…”

Section: Examples Of Data Scattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a sufficient measure of the standard uncertainty in X‐ray spectroscopy?

Papp

Maxwell²

2017

X-Ray Spectrometry

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“…It should be noted, that there are more published values for the L-subshell fluorescence yields of Ta with different origins (experimental or interpolated). They are nicely summarized in a recent work by Sahnoune et al [27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Experimental determination of tantalum L-shell fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig transition probabilities

Wauschkuhn¹,

Katja²,

Beckhoff³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Using radiometrically calibrated instrumentation of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, the L-shell fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig factors of tantalum (including the uncertainty budget) were experimentally determined based on transmission and X-ray fluorescence experiments. The determined fluorescence yields (ω L3 = 0.247(12), ω L2 = 0.278(15), ω L1 = 0.157( 12)) were independently validated trough XRR-GIXRF experiments. Both, the Coster-Kronig factors (f 23 = 0.123(84), f 13 = 0.328(152), f 12 = 0.14( 11)) as well as the fluorescence yields are in good agreement with the most established databases in the field of X-ray fluorescence.

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“…Several investigators have measured the L X-ray intensity ratios, L subshell fluorescence yield and Coster-Kronig transition parameters by exciting the target with gamma radiation, charged particles and synchrotron radiation. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Singh et al [4] have measured average L shell fluorescence yields for some elements in the range 56 ≤ Z ≤ 92. Ertugrul et al [5] have measured average 2p subshells fluorescence yields for the elements 60 ≤ Z ≤ 90.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krishnananda et al [12] have determined the L subshell fluorescence yields for Gd, Tb and Ho using Indus-2 synchrotron radiation and observed about 5.5% the maximum uncertainties in the measured values of L subshell fluorescence yields. Sahnoune et al [13] reviewed the existing L shell fluorescence yields published in the period 1954-2015 and deduced an empirical average L shell fluorescence yields for the elements in the atomic number from 23 to 96. Bansal et al [14] have determined L subshell fluorescence cross-sections for Z = 62-67 at tuned photon energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of L subshell fluorescence yield ratios of some high Z elements by selective excitation method

et al. 2020

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The L1, L2 and L3 subshells of Hf, Ta and Re atoms have been excited selectively by using microprobe XRF beam line, Indus‐2, RRCAT, India. The consequent characteristic L X‐ray photons, emitted from the targets due to creations of vacancies in L subshells, are measured using silicon drift detector (X‐123) spectrometer. As the energy of synchrotron radiation increases, the contribution of characteristic L X‐ray intensity increases. The advantage of the increase in the intensity of the characteristic L X‐ray photons with an increase in the energy of synchrotron radiation has been used to determine the L subshell fluorescence yield ratios of Hf, Ta and Re atoms by adopting the selective excitation method. The measured ratios of L subshell fluorescence yield have been compared with theoretical and other experimental values.

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L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 subshell fluorescence yields: Updated database and new empirical values

Cited by 10 publications

References 101 publications

Is a sufficient measure of the standard uncertainty in X‐ray spectroscopy?

Is a sufficient measure of the standard uncertainty in X‐ray spectroscopy?

Experimental determination of tantalum L-shell fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig transition probabilities

Measurement of L subshell fluorescence yield ratios of some high Z elements by selective excitation method

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