Kyushu: Gateway to Japan

Cobbing, Andrew

doi:10.1163/ej.9781905246182.i-378

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Disposal and recycling of waste electronics in developed countries is more expensive and difficult due to stringent laws and regulations compared to poorer countries where enforcement is lacking. E-waste is thus exported to poorer countries where it may be landfilled or recycled using primitive techniques with little regard for worker safety or environmental protection 3. In countries where e-waste is regulated, producers are required to establish systems for collection and treatment of e-waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Awareness and Concentrations of Heavy Metals in the Blood of Electronic Waste Scavengers in Nigeria

Popoola

Purchase

2019

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background. Electronic waste (e-waste) contains both valuable and hazardous materials. E-waste scavengers specialize in the collection and crude recycling of waste electronics to retrieve valuable metals, which are then sold. These activities provide an income for scavengers, but also expose them to toxic heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of awareness and concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn)) in the blood levels of e-waste scavengers at Jakande dumpsite, Alaba International Market, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods. Material and data were collected by empirical survey with the use of a questionnaire to obtain information from e-waste scavengers. Blood samples of the scavengers in the present study (30 adult males exposed to recycling processes) were collected and concentrations of heavy metals were determined through acid digestion and the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AGILENT 55B AA, 2010). Results. The geometric means of blood levels of Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn were 11.0, 33.85, 126.15 and 19.38 μg / dL, respectively. High concentrations of Pb and Mn (11.0 and 19.38 μg / dL) were found in the blood samples, while Zn and Cu (126.15 and 33.85 μg / dL) showed low concentrations. The maximum blood level of lead (BPb) (24.0 μg / dL) was extremely high compared to the maximum BPb of occupationally exposed males. Statistical analysis of the questionnaires showed that all of the respondents were male, and more than half (56.7%) were between 21–30 years of age and had been involved in recycling of e-waste for 1–5 years. The results showed that 83% of the respondents were aware that hazardous fractions in e-waste require special treatment, while 76.7% were aware of the possible negative impact on their health. Conclusions. Lack of education, poverty and lack of effective enforcement of e-waste management and regulations are the major contributors to the current situation and thus scavengers carry on with their activities unhindered. The authors recommend the use of protective clothing, sensitization visits and awareness campaigns on the safe disposal of hazardous components. Participant consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja Lagos. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Awareness and Concentrations of Heavy Metals in the Blood of Electronic Waste Scavengers in Nigeria

Popoola

Purchase

2019

Journal of Health and Pollution

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“…E-waste, therefore, needs to be discarded properly to minimize emissions of hazardous compounds potentially causing adverse effects to environmental and human health. Developing countries are considered particularly vulnerable because recycling is often carried out informally and because additional e-waste is typically imported from developed countries. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Waste Driven Pollution in Pakistan: The First Evidence of Environmental and Human Exposure to Flame Retardants (FRs) in Karachi City

Iqbal

Syed

Breivik

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Informal e-waste recycling activities have been shown to be a major emitter of organic flame retardants (FRs), contributing to both environmental and human exposure to laborers at e-waste recycling sites in some West African countries, as well as in China and India. The main objective of this study was to determine the levels of selected organic FRs in both air and soil samples collected from areas with intensive informal e-waste recycling activities in Karachi, Pakistan. Dechlorane Plus (DP) and "novel" brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were often detected in high concentrations in soils, while phosphorus-based FRs (OPFRs) dominated atmospheric samples. Among individual substances and substance groups, decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) (726 ng/g), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) (551 ng/g), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) (362 ng/g), and triphenyl-phosphate (∑TPP) (296 ng/g) were found to be prevalent in soils, while OPFR congeners (5903-24986 ng/m) were prevalent in air. The two major e-waste recycling areas (Shershah and Lyari) were highly contaminated with FRs, suggesting informal e-waste recycling activities as a major emission source of FRs in the environment in Karachi City. However, the hazards associated with exposure to PM appear to exceed those attributed to exposure to selected FRs via inhalation and soil ingestion.

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“…Since it is located at the northernmost part of the Kyushu prefecture on the island of Kyushu, just south of the Japanese main island, its name literally means "North Kyushu City" in Japanese. Owing to the geographical location, it is often regarded as a Japanese gateway to Asian economies [56]. The Kitakyushu City was formed in 1963 through the merger of five older and smaller cities centered on the historic city of Kokura.…”

Section: Regional and National Backgrounds 41 Rise And Fall Of Kitaky...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Path of Industrial Heritage Tourism: A Case Study of Kitakyushu (Japan)

Zhao

Liu

2021

Sustainability

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Industrial heritage tourism is aimed at promoting sustainable development in the regional social economy. Japan published Heritage Constellations of Industrial Modernization in 2007 and 2008, and treated them as an important resource to promote the activation of the local economy. Evolutionary economic geography offers a useful framework for studying the evolution of industries and has already been applied to study the different types of tourism destinations, what is often unclear, however, is under what conditions declining industrial cities can be transformed into an industrial heritage tourism destination and by whom. Thus, this article tries to employ the EEG approach to understand the development of industrial heritage tourism in Japan, using Kitakyushu City as a case. The case of Kitakyushu City illustrates the importance of initial conditions and stakeholder collaboration in promote the development of industrial heritage tourism. The results of this study also showed that participation of community residents and the application of new technologies, strong support from national and local governments are critical to the new path creation.

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Kyushu: Gateway to Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Levels of Awareness and Concentrations of Heavy Metals in the Blood of Electronic Waste Scavengers in Nigeria

Levels of Awareness and Concentrations of Heavy Metals in the Blood of Electronic Waste Scavengers in Nigeria

E-Waste Driven Pollution in Pakistan: The First Evidence of Environmental and Human Exposure to Flame Retardants (FRs) in Karachi City

Development Path of Industrial Heritage Tourism: A Case Study of Kitakyushu (Japan)

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