Kynurenin als Augenpigmentbildung ausl�sendes Agens bei Insekten

Butenandt, Adolf; Weidel, Wolfhard; Becker, Erich

doi:10.1007/bf01489125

Cited by 94 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This v + substance was later identified as kynurenine when it was learned that the latter substance could serve as a precursor of brown pigment in the v mutant (4,8,13). The development of pigment related to the brown eye component in the pupal fat cells of the rc mutant strain of Drosophila further implicated this tissue as a site of accumulation of pigment precursors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF KYNURENINE IN THE FATBODY OF DROSOPHILA

Rizki

1961

The Journal of Cell Biology

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A B S T R A C TLight blue fluorescent globules accumulate in the cells of the anterior region of the fatbody of Drosophila larvae near the time of pupation. This fluorescent material appears in the Ore-R wild type strain as well as m u t a n t strains in which the synthesis of both the red and brown eye pigments is affected. The vermilion mutant, which is characterized by the absence of the brown pigment component in the eye, was the only strain among those examined which did not develop the light blue fluorescent globules. Utilizing chromatographic techniques together with the information gained by examination of the m u t a n t strains, the fluorescent material has been identified as kynurenine. Of particular interest is the m a n n e r of appearance of the fluorescent material in the vicinity of the nuclear m e m b r a n e of the fat cells.One aspect of tryptophan metabolism in Drosophila is the utilization of this amino acid as a precursor of brown eye pigment. In this biosynthetic pathway the conversion of tryptophan proceeds through formylkynurenine, kynurenine, and 3-hydroxykynurenine. The elucidation of these intermediate compounds in pigment synthesis in Drosophila has been accomplished with the use of eye color mutants, specifically, vermilion (v), cinnabar (cn), and scarlet (st) (2-4, 6, 7, 10, 13).An abnormal appearance of pigment granules in the pupal fat cells characterizes the red cell (re) m u t a n t of Drosophila melanogaster. The type of pigment which accumulates in the fat cells of the rc m u t a n t is related to the brown eye pigment of Drosophila since combination of the rc factor with the v, cn, or st factor will inhibit the development of the rc pigment in the fat cells (9). This pigmentation process can also be restricted by the presence of the melanotic tumor factor, tu w (1 l). However, a period of larval starvation reverses this interference and allows the development of rc pigment in the fat cells of tu~'rc flies to continue.The abnormal formation of brown pigment in the fat cells in the rc strain of Drosophila is particularly interesting since the transplantation studies of Beadle (1) established the fatbody as a source of precursors of brown eye pigment. The rc m u t a n t offers a convenient site, the large pupal fat cells, to study the formation of pigment precursors at the cellular level. Since a n u m b e r of the intermediate biochemicals in the synthesis of brown eye pigment are fluorescent compounds, this reexamination of the fatbody of normal and m u t a n t strains of D. melanogaster utilized the fluorescent microscope.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF KYNURENINE IN THE FATBODY OF DROSOPHILA

Rizki

1961

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Our parents lived through really hard times: two World Wars, the big inflation of 1922/23 that wiped out any savings-if there were any, the Great Depression, the Nazi rule with its crimes (and with its temptations), and for many, long years spent as prisoners of war 1 . True, we also lived during the war, but we were children, and afterwards things gradually became better, and soon much better.…”

Section: Early Years In Postwar Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nucleic acids, which in Kiel had been but a footnote, were here already the topic of the day. Butenandt, best known for his work on steroid hormones, which earned him a Nobel Prize 2 , 1 These were the lives of the average German family like the one from which I came. The fate of those who were persecuted by the Nazi regime for race or political reasons and of whom a vast majority perished in the Holocaust was incomparably harder.…”

Section: Early Years In Postwar Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 He was not allowed to accept this prize because Hitler had and later as president of the Max Planck Society, had also initiated research on other topics. Collaborating with Alfred Kühn, the director at a neighboring Max Planck Institute, Butenandt became interested in gene action and found that kynurenin was an intermediate in the formation of the red eye color of Drosophila at about the same time that Ephrussi and Beadle were engaged in such work in France (1). Butenandt also initiated a virus group after he heard Stanley talking on the crystallization of tobacco mosaic virus, a finding that at that time excited many discussions on the nature of life.…”

Section: Early Years In Postwar Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fifty Good Years

Starlinger

2005

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

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“…The classic investigations of Tatum (1939) and Tatum & Haagen-Smit (1941) and those of Butenandt and co-workers (Butenandt et al, 1940(Butenandt et al, , 1949Butenandt & Beckmann, 1955;Butenandt & Neubert, 1955) established that there is a relationship between tryptophan metabolism and eye pigment formation in Drosophila and other insects. Several lines of evidence have also demonstrated that the catabolism of tryptophan is necessary for the synthesis of the actinomycin chromophore in Streptomyces antibioticus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenoxazinone Biosynthesis: Accumulation of a Precursor, 4-Methyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic Acid, by Mutants of Streptomyces parvulus

Troost

Katz

1979

Journal of General Microbiology

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Mutants of Streptomyces parvulus that are blocked in the synthesis of the phenoxazinonecontaining antibiotic, actinomycin, were isolated by the ' agar piece ' method (after ultraviolet irradiation or treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen plus near-ultraviolet light). Radiolabelling experiments in conjunction with paper, thin-layer and column chromatography revealed that 4-methyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (MHA) is a major metabolite accumulated by these mutants. Studies in vitro and in vivo provided evidence that MHA is a precursor of the phenoxazinone chromophore, actinocin. Normally MHA does not accumulate during growth or antibiotic synthesis by the parental strains. Protoplasts derived from the mutant strain AM5 synthesized MHA in significant amounts. A scheme is proposed for the biosynthesis of actinomycin D that accounts for the accumulation of MHA by the mutants.

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Kynurenin als Augenpigmentbildung ausl�sendes Agens bei Insekten

Cited by 94 publications

References 5 publications

INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF KYNURENINE IN THE FATBODY OF DROSOPHILA

INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF KYNURENINE IN THE FATBODY OF DROSOPHILA

Fifty Good Years

Phenoxazinone Biosynthesis: Accumulation of a Precursor, 4-Methyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic Acid, by Mutants of Streptomyces parvulus

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