Kwashiorkor

Sandozai, M. K.; Haquani, A. H.; Rajesh-Vari, V.; Kaur, Jasvinder

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5349.93

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…The peripheral lymph nodes and spleen also show generalized atrophy and distorted architecture [14,15,16], although to a lesser extent than that seen in the thymus [14,15]. The bone marrow frequently becomes hypo-cellular with decreased hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) (the precursor to the hematologic cells produced in the marrow) and increased adipocytes [17,18,19], contributing to lymphopenia, decreased myeloid cells (neutrophils and monocytes), and potentially other plasma hematologic changes (i.e., anemia) as found in murine models [17,20,21]. However, plasma leukocyte and lymphocyte levels in children with malnutrition are conflicting, likely related to recent or concomitant infection as well as the methodology employed [22,23].…”

Section: The Immune System In Primary Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System—A Narrative Review

Gibson

Mehler

2019

JCM

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The pathogenesis of an increasing number of chronic diseases is being attributed to effects of the immune system. However, its role in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa is seemingly under-appreciated. Yet, in examining the available research on the immune system and genetic studies in anorexia nervosa, one becomes increasingly suspicious of the immune system’s potential role in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, research is suggestive of increased levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor in anorexia nervosa; genetic studies further support a dysregulated immune system in this disorder. Potential contributors to this dysregulated immune system are discussed including increased oxidative stress, chronic physiological/psychological stress, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment, all of which are present in anorexia nervosa.

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Section: The Immune System In Primary Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System—A Narrative Review

Gibson

Mehler

2019

JCM

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Nutritional Anemia with Special Reference to Iron Deficiency: Relation to Other Nutritional Deficiencies

Thanangkal

1980

Nutritional Biochemistry and Pathology

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The role of mucosal iron binding proteins in adaptation of iron absorption during protein deficiency and rehabilitation

El-Shobaki

Rummel

1978

Res. Exp. Med.

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1. A state of protein deficiency has been produced in rats by feeding a low protein diet, thereafter a period of rehabilitation with a normal protein but a low iron supply followed. 2. For characterization of the iron metabolism during both periods haemoglobin, total iron binding capacity, liver non-haemin iron, intestinal iron absorption and the uptake of 59Fe in the liver was determined. 3. Under these conditions the amount of 59Fe incorporated into the mucosal transferrin and the ferritin fractions has been measured. Both fractions were obtained from the supernatant of a mucosal homogenate after chromatography on sepharose 6B. 4. In anemia due to protein deficiency the typical increase of 59Fe incorporation into the fraction of mucosal transferrin--usually occuring in iron deficiency--could not be observed. This coincides with the absence of an increased iron absorption. Moreover a decrease of iron absorption is observed, which is associated with a decreased 59Fe ratio of transferrin/ferritin-fraction. 5. After normalization of the protein supply the ratio of 59Fe incorporated into the mucosal transferrin and ferritin fractions was changed remarkably in favor to transferrin together with a several fold increase of the intestinal iron absorption. 6. The conclusion is drawn that mucosal transferrin and ferritin enable the body not only to adapt the absorption to a higher but also to a lower requirement as it is the case in protein deficiency.

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Kwashiorkor

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System—A Narrative Review

Anorexia Nervosa and the Immune System—A Narrative Review

Nutritional Anemia with Special Reference to Iron Deficiency: Relation to Other Nutritional Deficiencies

The role of mucosal iron binding proteins in adaptation of iron absorption during protein deficiency and rehabilitation

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