Kuksa$$^{*}$$: Self-adaptive Microservices in Automotive Systems

Abstract

In pervasive dynamic environments, vehicles connect to other objects to send operational data and receive updates so that vehicular applications can provide services to users on demand. Automotive systems should be self-adaptive, thereby they can make real-time decisions based on changing operating conditions. Emerging modern solutions, such as microservices could improve self-adaptation capabilities and ensure higher levels of quality performance in many domains. We employed a real-world automotive platform called Eclipse Kuksa to propose a framework based on microservices architecture to enhance the selfadaptation capabilities of automotive systems for runtime data analysis. To evaluate the designed solution, we conducted an experiment in an automotive laboratory setting where our solution was implemented as a microservice-based adaptation engine and integrated with other Eclipse Kuksa components. The results of our study indicate the importance of design trade-offs for quality requirements' satisfaction levels of each microservices and the whole system for the optimal performance of an adaptive system at runtime.

CHESS: A Framework for Evaluation of Self-adaptive Systems based on Chaos Engineering

“…Furthermore, an architecturebased self-adaptation framework with a MAPE-K feedback loop for a microservice as a managed system shows a reduced cost of ownership and faster self-adaptation [10]. On the other hand, the introduction of microservices architecture, as a managing system, can improve the self-adaptation capabilities of systems for various measures such as run-time data analysis [11]. Some challenges in developing a self-adaptive system based on microservices include developing monitoring and adaptation mechanisms for ensuring quality attributes; determining the level of distribution, observability, and granularity for deploying control components; and determining mechanisms for evaluation of the given quality attributes [12].…”

Design and Evaluation of Controllers based on Microservices

“…Finally, we describe the environmental set up used for performing the experiments. The artefacts used in our research are available online 4 .…”

“…(2) Flexible controllers and meta-controllers: Banijamali et al [4] emphasise the increasing interest in microservices in self-adaptive systems, in particular, in the automotive domain. In their approach, which is similar to ours, they consider a controller consisting of microservices.…”

Monolithic vs. Microservice Architecture: A Performance and Scalability Evaluation

“…• orchestration of complex services (the complexity of microservices applications is pushed from the components to the integration level [15], [23]); • maintaining data consistency and transaction management across microservices [15], [19], [32], [33]; • the difficulty in understanding the system holistically [7], [27]; • increased consumption of computing resources [7], [11], [17]. For small scale systems, these challenges may outweigh the benefits [27].…”

“…• Microservices are autonomous -they are self-contained and independently deployable services fully responsible for executing a given business [33], [35]- [37]. Because of their autonomy, they contain all dependencies such as: libraries, the execution environments -web servers and containers or virtual machines.…”