Kronic hysteria: Exploring the intersection between Australian synthetic cannabis legislation, the media, and drug-related harm

Bright, Stephen; Bishop, Brian; Kane, Robert; Marsh, Ali; Barratt, Monica J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.12.002

Cited by 92 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Known as 'K2, Spice and Kronic' (Bright et al 2013;Baumann et al 2014;Fantegrossi et al 2014), an ever diverse range of SCBs are manufactured and designed for circumvention of contemporary legislative controls (Vandrey et al 2012). The occurrence of SCBs was recognised in Europe as early as 2004 when sold as 'legal highs' or 'herbal highs' (Bryner 2010;Deluca et al 2009;Griffiths et al 2010;Schifano et al 2009;Seely et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Experiences of Development of Dependence on the Synthetic Cannabinoids, 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22, and Subsequent Withdrawal Syndromes

Hout

Hearne

2016

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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RationaleEmergence of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) in herbal smoking mixtures is a public health concern. New SCB's such as 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22 have been detected in French seizures and in sudden death post mortems in the US. ObjectivesThe aim was to describe development of dependence on herbal smoking mixtures containing the SCB's, 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22 and subsequent withdrawal syndromes. MethodsDependent users of herbal smoking mixtures known to contain the SCB's 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22with an average Severity of Dependence Score (SDS) of 13 were interviewed using a structured guide (three males/three females). Narratives were analysed using the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological (EPP) five step method. Six themes with 68 categories emerged from the analysis. ResultsThemes are illustrated as 1) Networks and Product Availability; 2) Drivers and Motives for Use; 3) Effect and Pathways toward Dependence; 4) Poly Substance Use and Comparisons to Natural Cannabis; 5) Dependence and Withdrawal and 6) Self-detoxification Attempts. Two higher levels of abstraction above these theme-levels emerged from the data, with sole use of herbal smoking mixtures containing 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22 centering on the interplay between intense cravings, compulsive all-consuming seeking, use and re-dose behaviours, and fear of the psychiatric and selfharms caused when in withdrawal. ConclusionsThis is the first study describing dependence and withdrawal experiences in users dependent on 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22. Given the potential for adverse psychiatric and physical consequences of dependent use, further development of specific clinical responses and clinical research around toxicity and withdrawal severity are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Experiences of Development of Dependence on the Synthetic Cannabinoids, 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22, and Subsequent Withdrawal Syndromes

Hout

Hearne

2016

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…The studies included in this cluster ranged from those looking at particular psychological disorders such as depression (Mazzucchelli, 2010), eating disorders (Joyce et al, 2012; Egan et al, 2013), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Lee and Rees, 2011; Fitt and Rees, 2012; Kingdon et al, 2012; Rees and Anderson, 2013), and substance abuse (Priddis and Wallace, 2011; Bright et al, 2013) through to those studying transdiagnostic factors considered to be pivotal in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders, such as perfectionism (Egan et al, 2011, 2012a, b; Steele et al, 2013). The studies included in this group had a diverse range of methodologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting psychology to students: embracing the multiplicity of research foci and method

Rees

2013

Front. Psychol.

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In order for the discipline of psychology to continue to thrive it is imperative that future students are effectively recruited into the field. Research is an important part of the discipline and it is argued that the nature of psychological research is naturally one of multiplicity in topic and methodology and that promoting and highlighting this should be considered as a potentially effective recruitment strategy. In this study, a snap-shot of current research topics and methodologies was collected based on published papers from one typical academic psychology department in Australia. Fifty articles published in the period 2010–2013 were randomly selected and then grouped using content analysis to form topic clusters. Five main clusters were identified and included: Grief and Loss; Psychopathology; Sociocultural Studies; Attachment and Parenting; and Developmental Disorders. The studies spanned the full spectrum of research methodologies from quantitative to qualitative and had implications for assessment practices, diagnosis, prevention and treatment, education, and policy. The findings are discussed in terms of the unique characteristics of psychology as a discipline and how this diversity ought to be utilized as the main selling point of the discipline to future students.

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“…One such NPS are the synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) known as Spice, K2, Kronic (Bright et al 2013;Baumann et al 2014;Fantegrossi et al 2014;Zawilska and Wojcieszak 2014), intended to replace natural cannabis and generally sold as herbal smoking mixtures. SCs emerged in Europe as early as 2004 (Griffiths et al 2010;Schifano et al 2009).…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoids (Sc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) in Metaphors: a Metaphorical Analysis of User Experiences of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Two Countries

Kaló

Kassai

Rácz

et al. 2018

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) remain a global public health and clinical challenge. Popular NPS include synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). A conceptual metaphorical analysis of user experiences of SCs was conducted in two European countries (Western and Central European). Metaphors are increasingly used to better understand drug user experiences and as medium to inform and guide clinical responses. Semi-structured interviews with 12 SC users were conducted in Hungary (n = 6) and Ireland (n = 6). Thematically segmented texts of SC usage (1) motivation, (2) effects, (3) consequences and (4) the setting were selected. A systematic analysis of conceptual metaphors was conducted on the selected texts. The conceptual target and source domains of the experiences of SC usage (motivation, effects, consequences) were analysed. Four conceptual source domains were found in all of the segmented and analysed narratives of psychological factors (motivations, effects, consequences): change in the vertical perception, perceiving that SC is everywhere, feeling disconnected, recognition of lack of control and identifying the SC as a destroying entity. The conceptual metaphors reflect how users perceive experiences of SC use, the discrepancy between the experience of embodiment and disembodiment. This study provides clinicians with an insight into the experiences of SC motivations, effects and consequences and can be used to inform and guide clinical and therapeutic responses in the support of those recovering from SC dependence.

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Kronic hysteria: Exploring the intersection between Australian synthetic cannabis legislation, the media, and drug-related harm

Cited by 92 publications

References 21 publications

User Experiences of Development of Dependence on the Synthetic Cannabinoids, 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22, and Subsequent Withdrawal Syndromes

User Experiences of Development of Dependence on the Synthetic Cannabinoids, 5f-AKB48 and 5F-PB-22, and Subsequent Withdrawal Syndromes

Promoting psychology to students: embracing the multiplicity of research foci and method

Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) in Metaphors: a Metaphorical Analysis of User Experiences of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Two Countries

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