KROL: a knowledge representation object language on top of Prolog

Shaalan, Khaled; Rafea, Mahmoud; Rafea, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/s0957-4174(98)00009-8

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…El-Desouki et al (1996) discussed the necessity of modular programming for English-to-Arabic MT. Translation of an English subset of a knowledge base (written in KROL (Shaalan et al 1998)) to the corresponding Arabic phrases is described in (El-Saka et al 1999). Mokhtar et al (2000) developed an English-to-Arabic MT system, which is applied on abstracts from the field of Artificial Intelligence.…”

Section: Analysis Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Arabic text in multilingual speech-to-speech machine translation framework

Monem

Shaalan

Rafea

et al. 2008

Machine Translation

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The interlingual approach to machine translation (MT) is used successfully in multilingual translation. It aims to achieve the translation task in two independent steps. First, meanings of the source-language sentences are represented in an intermediate language-independent (Interlingua) representation. Then, sentences of the target language are generated from those meaning representations. Arabic natural language processing in general is still underdeveloped and Arabic natural language generation (NLG) is even less developed. In particular, Arabic NLG from Interlinguas was only investigated using template-based approaches. Moreover, tools used for other languages are not easily adaptable to Arabic due to the language complexity at both the morphological and syntactic levels. In this paper, we describe a rule-based generation approach for task-oriented Interlingua-based spoken dialogue that transforms a relatively shallow semantic interlingual representation, called interchange format (IF), into Arabic text that corresponds to the intentions underlying the speaker's utterances. This approach addresses the handling of the problems of Arabic syntactic structure 123 206 A. Abdel Monem et al. determination, and Arabic morphological and syntactic generation within the Interlingual MT approach. The generation approach is developed primarily within the framework of the NESPOLE! (NEgotiating through SPOken Language in E-commerce) multilingual speech-to-speech MT project. The IF-to-Arabic generator is implemented in SICStus Prolog. We conducted evaluation experiments using the input and output from the English analyzer that was developed by the NESPOLE! team at Carnegie Mellon University. The results of these experiments were promising and confirmed the ability of the rule-based approach in generating Arabic translation from the Interlingua taken from the travel and tourism domain.

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Section: Analysis Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Arabic text in multilingual speech-to-speech machine translation framework

Monem

Shaalan

Rafea

et al. 2008

Machine Translation

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“…As a result of this research and in combination with the accumulated design experience and the advances achieved in other scientific fields~artificial intelligence, computer graphics, soft computing, etc. !, significant progress has been made toward the establishment of a robust, domainindependent design theory~Suh, 1990!, the formation of reliable models for the representation and handling of design knowledge~MacCallum & Duffy, 1987;Yagiu, 1989;Duffey & Dixon, 1990;Dentsoras, 1996;Shaalan et al, 1998!, the introduction of machine learning techniques~Lu & Tcheng, 1991;Sim et al 1998!, design reuse methodologies, and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information generation during design: Information importance and design effort

Dentsoras

2005

AIEDAM

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S089006040505002XHow to cite this article: A.J. DENTSORAS (2005). Information generation during design: Information importance and design effort. AbstractThe present paper studies the process of information generation during design and focuses on the relationship between the information importance and the required effort for its generation. Multiple associative relationships among design entities~handled as design descriptors! are used to represent the design knowledge. The characteristics of the dependent and the primary descriptors are examined and their distinct roles in the design process are discussed. Term definitions concerning the information importance and the design effort are also introduced. The descriptors are used to form a matrix. A number of operations on this matrix results in its transformation, with the final matrix reflecting the quantitative relationship between the information importance and the design effort. From the aforementioned matrix, a unique sorted list for the primary design descriptors is produced. Following this list during descriptor instantiation ensures the production of design information of maximum importance with the least effort in the early design stages. The design of a belt conveyor is used as a basis for a better understanding of the theoretical analysis and for a demonstration of the use of the suggested descriptor list.

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“…Knowledge was also elicited from a slate of practicing and academic auditors by means of questionnaires and in-depth interviews, using the Knowledge Acquisition and Design Systems (KADS) methodology (Hickman et al, 1989;Wielinga et al, 1992;Schreiber et al, 1993;Post et al, 1997). AREX is implemented by using the Knowledge Representation Objects Language (KROL) (Shaalan et al, 1998). After implementation, the knowledge base was validated by auditing experts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When will a Computer Write the Auditor's Report?

et al. 2005

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Most corporations are required by law to produce annual reports on their financial positions. These financial reports are accompanied by an auditor's report, which is an independent auditor's opinion on the fairness of the financial statements. To formulate their reports, auditors use a "personal-judgement" approach that heavily depends on their experience and expertise. This approach may be (1) ineffective and may lead to (2) different decisions, (3) personal bias, and (4) misleading judgements. These four drawbacks of a human auditor are a source of doubt and hesitation for every corporation. Therefore, the challenging question is: Can a computer do a better job? This paper focuses on the construction and implementation of a knowledge-based system, called the "Auditor's Report EXpert" (AREX), that is capable of formulating the opinion on financial statements, as expressed in the auditor's report. The knowledge used by AREX is acquired from the literature, and from a slate of practicing and academic auditors by means of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. A preliminary validation of AREX indicates that AREX is successful in performing the auditor's report task. Hence, we tentatively conclude that currently a computer program can support an auditor in his/her task. Moreover, in the foreseeable future (maybe in 2030), it is to be expected that a computer program can produce idiosyncratic auditor's reports that are effective, universal in their decisions, do not show a personal bias, and do not have misleading statements.

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KROL: a knowledge representation object language on top of Prolog

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Generating Arabic text in multilingual speech-to-speech machine translation framework

Generating Arabic text in multilingual speech-to-speech machine translation framework

Information generation during design: Information importance and design effort

When will a Computer Write the Auditor's Report?

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