Krill Oil Combined with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis F1-7 Alleviates the Atherosclerosis of ApoE−/− Mice

Abstract

There has been an increasing number of studies on the interaction between active substances and probiotics to improve disease. Both krill oil (KO) and probiotics have the effect of improving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the combined effect has not been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the improvement effect of KO combined with probiotics on atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic plaque area of ApoE−/− mice was detected after the intervention of KO, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis F1-7 (Bif. Animalis F1-7), and KO combined with Bif. Animalis F1-7. The results showed that Bif. Animalis F1-7, KO, and KO combined with Bif. Animalis F1-7 could significantly reduce the area of atherosclerotic plaque and improve the levels of serum lipids and inflammatory factors. They could regulate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) pathway to reduce lipid accumulation. The intervention groups could also improve the inflammatory response by downregulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) pathway. The anti-inflammatory effect of the interaction group was significantly better than that of KO. It proved that Bif. Animalis F1-7 might play a synergistic effect in the improvement of inflammation by KO to the alleviation of atherosclerosis.

Butyrate suppresses atherosclerotic inflammation by regulating macrophages and polarization via GPR43/HDAC-miRNAs axis in ApoE−/− mice

“…Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium are conductive to the reduction of LPS leakage via protecting the gut mucosal barrier function [48,49]. Bifidobacterium plays a synergistic effect in the improvement of inflammation to further alleviated the atherosclerosis [50]. Akkermansia is implicated in declining aortic lesions and atherosclerosis [51].…”

Advances in Research on Marine-Derived Lipid-Lowering Active Substances and Their Molecular Mechanisms

“…Furthermore, krill oil increased TC and bile acid levels in the feces of experimental rats, and promoted bile acid metabolism and cholesterol efflux [59]. Liang et al [60] found that a combination intervention using krill oil and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactobacillus F1-7 significantly reduced the atherosclerotic plaque area, anti-inflammatory factor levels and modulated the cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) pathway to reduce lipid accumulation in mice.…”

The Relationship between Intestinal Microflora and Coronary Heart Disease and the Research Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention

“…It can be used as a potential target for the treatment of CHD to regulate lipid metabolism and reduce inflammation [18] . BA plays an important role in intestinal microbiota and cholesterol excretion [19] , it mainly binds to FXR and TGR5 [20] , inhibition of FXR can promote BAs metabolism [21] , improve atherosclerosis and slow down the development of CHD; activation of TGR5 can reduce the area of atherosclerotic plaque and inflammation in plaque, and inhibit macrophage phagocytosis of oxLDL [22] . TMAO can promote thrombosis and vascular endothelial injury and promote the production of atherosclerotic plaques [23] , thereby increasing the risk of CHD.…”