Kraftstoff, Strom und Wärme aus Stroh und Waldrestholz

Economic and environmental potentials for natural gas to enhance biomass-to-liquid fuels technologies

“…Fig. 3 and Yield and efficiency values (carbon or heating value ratio of liquid hydrocarbon products and biomass feedstock) from FT process studies 74 Tijmensen et al 66 Dimmig et al 75 Schaub 76 Leible et al 77 Feed a η carbon is defined as the ratio of the mass of carbon (m C ) in C 5 -C 20 to the mass of carbon (m C ) in biomass feed. b η HS is defined as the conversion efficiency based on the HHV.…”

Simultaneously optimizing the capacity and configuration of biorefineries

“…Because the synthesis gas biorefinery requires residual biomass (such as residual wood and straw), the parameter values listed in Table 2 are applied to both the fixed and variable configuration approaches. (Kreutz et al, 2008) The value for the biomass availability factor Ψ (84 tbiomass/km²yr) is calculated from residual wood and straw figures for all of Germany (Leible et al, 2007), but very similar values were reported for regional investigations in the German states of Baden-Württemberg (Leible et al, 2005) and Lower Saxony (Walther et al, 2012). Investment-related cost items for plants that consist of biomass gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis amount to around 10% of the estimated investment for various items of operating costs, 10% for capital costs and 5% for linear depreciation over 20 years.…”

Simulation and life cycle assessment of biofuel production via fast pyrolysis and hydroupgrading

“…Spain is the country with the third highest agricultural bioenergy potential in the EU-27 and poplar is one of the most suitable energy crops for deployment in this region [8,41]. Biomass is a local resource and small-scale pyrolysis plants are assumed to be located close to the plantation sites for minimizing transport distances [42,43], while the biorefinery is assumed to be part of an existing refinery installation due to economic reasons [34,44]. This decentralized biorefinery configuration has been found to be environmentally more favorable than an integrated pyrolysis/biorefinery configuration in a previous screening assessment comparing different bio-oil use options [45].…”