Kraft mill fallout and ground beetle populations

Freitag, Richard; Hastings, L.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(73)90010-3

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Koponen and Niemelä (1994a) found reduced numbers of ground-living beetles in the heavily polluted area of Harjavalta, compared with areas farther away. Similarly, Freitag and Hastings (1973) reported a reduction in ground beetle numbers around a paper mill. We observed the same pattern in total beetle biomass in Harjavalta.…”

Section: Invertebrate Abundance Patternsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Manuscript received 10 July 1995;revised 10 September 1996;accepted 19 September 1996;final version received 16 October 1996. Pollution can either increase or decrease insect populations and can also modify outbreak patterns of forest insects, depending on the species and the degree of pollution (Alstad et al 1982, Pimentel 1994. Several studies have demonstrated decreased insect populations around point source discharges (e.g., Freitag and Hastings 1973, Bengtsson and Rundgren 1984, Heliö vaara and Väisänen 1990. Because arthropods are the most important prey for many bird species during the breeding season, it is reasonable to suspect that changes in insect populations are reflected in bird populations (see Graveland 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollution-Related Variation in food Supply and Breeding Success in Two Hole-Nesting Passerines

Eeva

Lehikoinen

Pohjalainen

1997

Ecology

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We studied to what extent changes in the breeding performance of two insectivorous passerines, the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) and the Great Tit (Parus major) were associated with pollution-induced variation in the biomass of invertebrate prey (spiders and insects on the ground, lepidoptera and sawfly larvae in tree canopies) in an air pollution (copper smelter) gradient. At the nestling time of both species, larvae were scarce in Scotch pine (the dominant tree species) close to the factory complex, peaked in the moderately polluted zone 2-4 km from the factory, and tended to decrease farther away. Both bird species preferred pine, particularly in the moderately polluted zone, where the proportion of larvae in the diet of P. major was high. Ground-living arthropods were scarce near the factory, but among-site variation was high even in the cleanest area. Breeding success of both bird species correlated positively with prey biomass, but only in P. major was food abundance correlated with nestling growth. Also, the productivity of differentsized clutches was affected in P. major, but not in F. hypoleuca. Large F. hypoleuca clutches produced more fledglings than did smaller clutches in all parts of the pollution gradient. For P. major, this was true only in the moderately or slightly polluted parts of the gradient; in the most polluted areas, clutches of 6-11 eggs invariably produced 3-4 fledglings. The stronger impact of food on P. major than on F. hypoleuca probably resulted from a different diet. F. hypoleuca, which forages much from the ground layer, was susceptible to direct effects of pollutants at the egg stage, whereas P. major, a caterpillar specialist, suffered from the shortage of larvae in the late nestling period. Our results indicate that the reduced breeding performance of birds in the polluted area may be due to various reasons; one species may respond directly to toxicity, and the other species to reduced food supply.

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Section: Invertebrate Abundance Patternsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution-Related Variation in food Supply and Breeding Success in Two Hole-Nesting Passerines

Eeva

Lehikoinen

Pohjalainen

1997

Ecology

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“…Huhta et al (1983) reported that increasing soil acidity from pH 6.9 to 4.5 increased the numbers of oribatid mites and several species of Collembola, although a few species of the Collembola declined in numbers. In contrast, sulfuric acid in rainfall near a Canadian paper mill appeared to reduce ground beetle populations (Freitag and Hastings 1973). Because many ground beetles are predaceous, a substantial reduction in their numbers may cause significant changes in prey insect species populations.…”

Section: Acid Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Insect population responses to environmental stress and pollutants

Pimentel¹

1994

Environ. Rev.

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PIMENTEL, D. 1994. Insect population responses to environmental stress and pollutants. Environ. Rev. 2: 1-15.Insects and other related arthropods make up about 90% of all plant and animal species in the world. They are vital to the functioning of the ecosystem and biosphere, and neither of these systems can operate effectively without insect interactions. Because of their major ecological and economic roles in nature and society, the beneficial and pest activities of insects need to be clearly understood. Insect populations are being stressed directly by the action of temperature, moisture, and a wide array of chemical pollutants (pesticides, fertilizers, air pollutants, and numerous other chemicals) that are dispersed through air, water, and soil. Insects are affected by this same group of stresses indirectly, through their food plants, parasites, and predators. Depending on the species and the particular stress affecting it, insect populations respond by increasing or decreasing in numbers. The responses of insect populations to various direct and indirect environmental stresses and chemical pollutants are assessed. Some insect populations increase, while others decline. The responses were determined by the particular environmental stress, the insect species, and the stage at which they were exposed to the stress.

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“…This background allowed many basic ecological investigations to be carried out in Europe (Thiele, 1977). Thus, the first attempts in using these organisms for habitat characterization and classification (Refseth, 1980, Bengtson, 1982 and even as bioindicators (Freitag & Hastings, 1973;Freitag, 1979;Thiele, 1977;Luepke & Schimidt-Bleek, 1979;Speight, 1986) originated in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%