Kraft-lignin pyrolysis and fractional condensation of its bio-oil vapors

Gooty, Akhil Tumbalam; Li, Dongbing; Berruti, Franco; Briens, Cédric

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2013.12.006

Cited by 77 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…As discussed above, a fraction rich in acetic acid can be produced using fractional condensation systems 120,[122][123][124][125]134,135,[202][203][204][205][206] . In the old wood distillation industry the acetic acid was separated by precipitation with lime 207 .…”

Section: Methods For Acetic Acid (Hac) Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-oil Refining: A Review

et al. 2019

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Bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials is among the most complex and inexpensive raw oils that can be produced today. Although commercial or demonstration scale fast pyrolysis units can readily produce this oil, this industry has not grown to significant commercial impact due to the lack of bio-oil market pull. This paper is a review of the challenges and opportunities for bio-oil upgrading and refining. Pyrolysis oil consists of six major fractions. (water 15-30 wt.%, light oxygenates, 8-26 wt. %, mono-phenols, 2-7 wt.%, water insoluble oligomers derived from lignin 15-25wt.%, and water soluble havey molecules 10-30 wt.%). The composition of water soluble oligomers is relatively poorly studied. In the 1880s bio-oil refining (formally known as wood distillation) targeted the separation and commercialization of C1-C4 light oxygenated compounds to produce methanol, acetic acid and acetone with the commercialization of the lignin derived water insoluble fraction for preserving purification techniques. Strategies for biofuels production are discussed in section four. Bio-oil derived products are discussed in the last section. 2. Bio-oil Composition The study of bio-oil chemical composition has been the subject of active research in the last twenty years 2,24-35. Pyrolysis oil contains numerous oxygenated compounds, which include carboxylic acids, water, alcohols, esthers, anhydrosugars, furanics, phenolics, aldehydes, and ketones covering a wide range of molecular weights and functionalities 2,24,29,30,36-41. The specific composition is directly related to the feedstock and the conditions used in their production 42-44. Water is typically quantified by Karl Fischer titration 2 and is the most abundant bio-oil compound accounting between 15 and 30 wt. % 2 (See Figure 1). Water forms mostly from dehydration reactions of carbohydrate depolymerized products in the liquid intermediate 44. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) is by far the most common technique for the quantification of the pyrolysis oil organic volatile fraction 2,24,27,45. GC/MS detectable compounds typically account for between 30 and 40 wt. % 2. Table 2 shows the range of compounds quantified by GC/MS reported in the literature. Only four molecules (glycoaldehyde, acetic acid, acetol and levoglucosan) are found in quantities sufficiently high (>5 wt. %) to justify their separation and commercialization as chemicals. Methanol can also be produced in quantities justifying its commercialization but hardwood has to be used as feedstock. The remainder of the oil if refined is likely to be commercialized as fractions (mono-phenols, pyrolytic lignin, anhydrosugars, pyrolytic humins, and hybrid oligomers). Because bio-oil consists of hundreds of compounds with concentrations below 0.5 wt. % it is desirable to express their chemical composition in terms of few chemical groups or families 24. This idea was first proposed by Hallet and Clark 46. The authors 46 modeled bio-oil evaporation rates using a model based on this characte...

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Section: Methods For Acetic Acid (Hac) Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-oil Refining: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…They were produced and provided by Memorial University (St. John's, NL, Canada) and Western Ontario University (London, ON, Canada), designated hereafter as MemU and WU, respectively. A description of the experimental set-up for bio-oil production can be found in [46] (for MemU) and in [47] (for WU). Before testing, the bio-oils were centrifuged in the J-20XP Avanti centrifuge (Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA) and filtered to remove solids.…”

Section: Bio-oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Oil Steam Reforming over a Mining Residue Functionalized with Ni as Catalyst: Ni-UGSO

et al. 2017

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Bio-oil reforming is considered for syngas or H 2 production. In this work, we studied the steam reforming (SR) of two raw bio-oils without adding external steam, using a recently-developed catalyst, Ni-UGSO. Experiments were performed at temperature (T) = 750-850 • C and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 1.7-7.1 g/g cat /h to assess C conversion (X C ) and product yields. The results show that, in all conditions and with both bio-oils tested, the catalyst is stable for the entire duration of the tests (~500 min) even when some C deposition occurred and that only at the highest WHSV tested there is a slight deactivation. In all tests, catalytic activity remained constant after a first, short, transient state, which corresponded to catalyst activation. The highest yields and conversions, with Y H 2 , Y CO and X C of 94%, 84% and 100%, respectively, were observed at temperatures above 800 • C and WHSV = 1.7 g/g cat /h. The amount of H 2 O in the bio-oils had a non-negligible effect on catalyst activity, impacting Y H 2 , Y CO and X C values. It was observed that, above a critical amount of H 2 O, the catalyst was not fully activated. However, higher H 2 O content led to the reduction of C deposits as well as lower Y H 2 and Y CO and, through the water-gas-shift reaction, to higher Y CO 2 (CO 2 selectivity). Fresh and spent catalysts were analyzed by physisorption (BET), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis: the results reveal that, during the oils' SR reaction, the initial spinel (Ni-Fe-Mg-Al) structures decreased over time-on-stream (TOS), while metallic Ni, Fe and their alloy phases appeared. Although significant sintering was observed in used catalysts, especially at high H 2 O/C ratio, the catalyst's specific surface generally increased; the latter was attributed to the presence of nanometric metallic Ni and Ni-Fe alloy particles formed by reduction reactions. A small amount of C (4%) was formed at low H 2 O/C.

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“…Vários procedimentos foram desenvolvidos para separar a lignina de materiais lignocelulósicos, tais procedimentos podem levar a configurações e características diferentes e a diferentes graus de pureza (GOSSELINK et al, 2004 STEELE, 2006;TUMBALAM GOOTY et al, 2014).…”

Section: Objetivosunclassified

“…A temperatura ideal para o rendimento de bio-óleo é entre 550 e 650°C na qual pode ser obtido um rendimento de mais de 40% em peso de bio-óleo e cerca de 20% em peso de compostos fenólicos(FAN et al, 2017). O rendimento para pirólise de lignina está abaixo do rendimento da pirólise para outras biomassas, provavelmente por conta do baixo ponto de fusão da lignina, podendo causar aglomeração, e da presença de grupos metoxílicos que são facilmente polimerizados para formação de char.Além disso, vários problemas são comuns na operação do reator contínuo de pirólise rápida de lignina, como o bloqueio do alimentador, a aglomeração excessiva das partículas no leito, bem como a formação de canais preferenciais que afetam a qualidade da fluidização da mistura dentro do reator(NOWAKOWSKI et al, 2010;TUMBALAM GOOTY et al, 2014).…”

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Efeito catalítico de zeólita ZSM-5 e ácido nióbico HY-340 na pirólise e hidropirólise de ligninas kraft industriais.

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Kraft-lignin pyrolysis and fractional condensation of its bio-oil vapors

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-oil Refining: A Review

Challenges and Opportunities for Bio-oil Refining: A Review

Bio-Oil Steam Reforming over a Mining Residue Functionalized with Ni as Catalyst: Ni-UGSO

Efeito catalítico de zeólita ZSM-5 e ácido nióbico HY-340 na pirólise e hidropirólise de ligninas kraft industriais.

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