Kraft lignin biorefinery: A perspective

Hu, Jianjun; Zhang, Quanguo; Lee, Dong Hoon

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.169

Cited by 192 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Lignin represents the largest renewable source for aromatics, rendering its valorization one of the open challenges to build a sustainable and economically feasible biorefinery ,. Lignin valorization has been investigated for a long time, leading to several approaches to produce valuable monomers and oligomers, among others via catalytic, thermal, and biological processes .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Marino¹,

Jestel²,

Marks³

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Facing the challenge of lignin valorization is one of the unsolved key steps for a sustainable and economically feasible biorefinery. Several processes were developed with the aim of producing value-added compounds from lignin. Thermal, enzymatic, and catalytic processes represent common techniques for lignin valorization. However, expensive catalysts or enzymes and harsh conditions hampered the implementation of these methodologies on an industrial scale. Here, we propose the utilization of a simple "swiss-roll" electrochemical reactor for the production of valuable carboxylic acids. We showcase that production of phenolic compounds, such as vanillin, is hindered by the electrochemical mechanism. Additionally, electrochemical stability experiments of possible products showed high reactivity of vanillin against the low reactivity of mono-and dicarboxylic acids. Simultaneously, the electrochemical process leads to stable carboxylic acids with high yields of 6.4, 26.8, and 4.2 % for oxalic, formic, and acetic acids, respectively, thus representing a competitive alternative to the catalytic and hydrothermal degradation process for the production of carboxylic acids.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Marino¹,

Jestel²,

Marks³

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1] The utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose to produce fuels and chemicals is a maturet echnology, [4][5][6] whereas utilization of the more recalcitrant biopolymer,l ignin, remains challenging despite excellent progress. [7] Consequently,l ignin is often considered aw aste material, whichi su sually burned to recover heat, [8,9] and its valorization continuest ob ewidely studied. [1,7] Various lignins arise from different biomass treatment protocols, and, in general, most ligninsa re insoluble in commons olvents, severely inhibiting efforts to valorize lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,7] Various lignins arise from different biomass treatment protocols, and, in general, most ligninsa re insoluble in commons olvents, severely inhibiting efforts to valorize lignin. [1,10] Lignosulfonate (LS) is at ypical highly condensed lignin waste from the pulping industry produced in approximately 50 milliont ons per year [9] and easily dissolves in water.L Si s often used as ac heap and renewable material [11,12] for plasticizers, [13,14] corrosion inhibitors, [16] surfactants, [17] dispersants, [18] membranes, [19] and as ac arbonaceous matrix for catalysts and electrodes. [20][21][22] The sulfur content in LS typically varies from 3-6 %, depending on the pulping process, [20,23] and therefore it has been used in the synthesis of S-doped porousc arbon materials and was successfully appliedi nt he acetalization of glycerol [20] and as ac athode in lithium-sulfur batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Sulfide Catalysts Derived from Lignosulfonate and their Efficient Use in Hydrogenolysis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Catalytic lignosulfonate valorization is hampered by the in situ liberation of sulfur that ultimately poisons the catalyst. To overcome this limitation, metal sulfide catalysts were developed that are able to cleave the C−O bonds of lignosulfonate and are resistant to sulfur poisoning. The catalysts were prepared by using the lignosulfonate substrate as a precursor to form well‐dispersed carbon‐supported metal (Co, Ni, Mo, CoMo, NiMo) sulfide catalysts. Following optimization of the reaction conditions employing a model substrate, the catalysts were used to generate guaiacyl monomers from lignosulfonate. The Co catalyst was able to produce 23.7 mg of 4‐propylguaiacol per gram of lignosulfonate with a selectivity of 84 %. The catalysts operated in water and could be recycled and reused multiple times. Thus, it was demonstrated that an inexpensive, sulfur‐tolerant catalyst based on an earth‐abundant metal and lignosulfonate efficiently catalyzed the selective hydrogenolysis of lignosulfonate in water in the absence of additives.

show abstract

“…Modified lignin is always yielded as waste in the pulping industry and the anticipated future biorefinery industry. Annually, the chemical pulping industry generates ~ 50 million tons of lignin by kraft, sulphite, and soda pulping processes . The majority of waste lignin is burned to generate heat and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of lignin accessibility on chemical and biological decomposition of lignin/polyethylene composite thermoplastics

Tang

Jean

2019

Can J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kraft lignin has been widely investigated for blending with a large variety of polymers to produce thermoplastic composites. The ratio of lignin and polymer affects the accessibility of lignin to small molecules and microorganisms, thus influencing the degradation of lignin/polymer composites. In this present work, the stability and degradation of lignin‐polyethylene composites of different compositions in different environments, including water, acidic solution, alkaline solution, and soils have been investigated. The effects of composite composition (with PE content in the range of 30‐80 wt%) and in turn lignin accessibility on the degradation have been elucidated, with some valuable findings disclosed. The degradation/dissolution of lignin creates new void spaces and water fully or partially fills into these void spaces, depending on the specimen size. Because water does not have any interaction with lignin and PE, most of the lignin degradation behaviour does not affect the dimensional size of lignin/PE composites. However, the dissolution of lignin in alkaline solution leads to significant shrinkage of the lignin/PE composite bar, especially in terms of thickness. The lignin degradation behaviour has different effects on the mechanical strength of lignin/PE composites. The composites with low lignin accessibility degrade minimally in all environments, thus retaining most of the mechanical strength. This study provides insight regarding extending/shortening the life cycle of lignin/polymer composites.

show abstract

Kraft lignin biorefinery: A perspective

Cited by 192 publications

References 17 publications

Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Carboxylic Acids Production via Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin

Metal‐Sulfide Catalysts Derived from Lignosulfonate and their Efficient Use in Hydrogenolysis

Influence of lignin accessibility on chemical and biological decomposition of lignin/polyethylene composite thermoplastics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About