Kozeny-Carman Equation and Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Clayey Soils

Steiakakis, E.; Gamvroudis, Christos; Alevizos, Georgios

doi:10.4236/gm.2012.22006

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although the estimated relation curve of Yukselen-Aksoy and Kaya [46] is near the measured SSA value, this curve is for a given LL, below which the SSA will be overestimated and above which the SSA will be underestimated. Steiakakis et al [43] underestimate the SSA value, and other empirical relationships overestimate the SSA value; the overestimation error can be approximately 10 times the actual value. According to Equation (1), the permeability is k ∝ (1/S 2 ).…”

Section: Estimation Of Specific Surface Area For Loessmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The physical properties of soil are not isolated and often associated with each other. Many researchers have found that the SSA of clay is closely related to the LL, e.g., finding a linear relationship between the SSA and LL [23,24,[37][38][39][40][41][42] or that the reciprocal of the SSA has a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the LL [21,32,43], and a good power function relationship between the SSA and LL [38,[44][45][46][47]].…”

Section: Definition and Application Of Specific Surface Area (Ssa) Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the Effective Void Ratio and Specific Surface Area in the Kozeny–Carman Equation to Predict the Hydraulic Conductivity of Loess

Hong

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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Many modified Kozeny-Carman (KC) equations have been used to predict the saturated permeability coefficient (K s ) of porous media in various fields. It is widely accepted that the KC equation applies to sand but does not apply to clay. Little information is available to clarify this point. The effectiveness of the KC equation will be evaluated via laboratory penetration tests and previously published data, which include void ratio, specific surface area (SSA), liquid limit (LL), and permeability coefficient values. This paper demonstrates how to estimate the SSA of cohesive soil from its LL. Several estimation algorithms for determining the effective void ratio (e e ) of cohesive soil are reviewed. The obtained results show that, compared to the KC equation based on porosity and geometric mean particle size (D g ), the KC equation based on the SSA and the e e estimation algorithm can best predict the K s of remolded loess. Finally, issues associated with the predictive power of the KC equation are discussed. Differences between measured and the predicted K s values may be caused by the uniformity of the reconstructed specimen or insufficient control of the test process and errors in the SSA and e e .

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Section: Estimation Of Specific Surface Area For Loessmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Definition and Application Of Specific Surface Area (Ssa) Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Effective Void Ratio and Specific Surface Area in the Kozeny–Carman Equation to Predict the Hydraulic Conductivity of Loess

Hong

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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“…Such models have often been used to determine the permeability of scaffolds . The Kozeny–Carman equation, first proposed by Kozeny and later refined by Carman, is commonly used to predict permeability in various solids . This equation has many forms and is based on classical Navier–Stokes fluid mechanics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The Kozeny-Carman equation, first proposed by Kozeny and later refined by Carman, is commonly used to predict permeability in various solids. [30][31][32][33] This equation has many forms and is based on classical Navier-Stokes fluid mechanics. The Kozeny-Carman equation can be expressed to give n, the hydraulic conductivity (m/s), as follows: Given that…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of rapid prototyped artificial bone scaffold structures

Lipowiecki

Ryvolová

Tottosi

et al. 2014

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Abstract.Fluid flow through a bone scaffold structure is an important factor in its ability to build up a living tissue. Permeability is often used as a measure of a structure's ability to allow for flow of nutrients and waste products related to the growth of new tissue. These structures also need to meet conflicting mechanical strength requirements to allow for load bearing. In this work, the effect of different bone structure morphologies on permeability were examined both numerically and experimentally. Cubic and hexagonal based three dimensional scaffold structures were produced via stereolithography and 3D printing techniques. In particular, porosity percentage, pore size, and pore geometry were examined. Porosity content was varied from 30% to 70% and pore size from 0.34 mm to 3 mm. An adapted Kozeny-Carmen numerical method was applied for calculation of permeability through these structures and an experimental validation of these results was performed via a standard permeability experimental testing set-up. From the results it was determined that increased permeability was provided with the cubic rather than hexagonal structure as well as by utilizing the larger pore size and higher levels of porosity. Stereolithography was found to be the better processing technique, not only for improved micrometer scale dimensional accuracy reasons, but also due to the increase wettability found on the produced surfaces. The appropriate model constants determined in this work will allow for analysis of new alternate structure designs on the permeability of rapid prototyped synthetic bone structures.

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“…In this paper, we have made what we believe are reasonable assumptions about how rapidly the transport of fluid, platelets, and proteins is reduced by changes in the platelet density within the thrombus, and we explored the consequences of these assumptions on the model’s dynamics as well as the sensitivity of model results to different choices of the reduced-transport functions. In particular, we look at two different permeability functions; the one we used in [29] and the Kozeny-Carman relation [19] used, for example, for predicting flow through soils [41]. The two permeability functions behave quite differently in terms of how quickly the permeability decreases as the solid (here bound platelet) volume fraction increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Hindered Transport on the Development of Platelet Thrombi Under Flow

Leiderman

Fogelson

2012

Bull Math Biol

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Vascular injury triggers two intertwined processes, platelet deposition and coagulation, and can lead to the formation of an intravascular clot (thrombus) that may grow to occlude the vessel. Formation of the thrombus involves complex biochemical, biophysical, and biomechanical interactions that are also dynamic and spatially-distributed, and occur on multiple spatial and temporal scales. We previously developed a spatial-temporal mathematical model of these interactions and looked at the interplay between physical factors (flow, transport to the clot, platelet distribution within the blood) and biochemical ones in determining the growth of the clot. Here we extend this model to include reduction of the advection and diffusion of the coagulation proteins in regions of the clot with high platelet number density. The effect of this reduction, in conjunction with limitations on fluid and platelet transport through dense regions of the clot, can be profound. We found that hindered transport leads to the formation of smaller and denser clots compared to the case with no protein hindrance. The limitation on protein transport confines the important activating complexes to small regions in the interior of the thrombus and greatly reduces the supply of substrates to these complexes. Ultimately, this decreases the rate and amount of thrombin production and leads to greatly slowed growth and smaller thrombus size. Our results suggest a possible physical mechanism for limiting thrombus growth.

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Kozeny-Carman Equation and Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Clayey Soils

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Using the Effective Void Ratio and Specific Surface Area in the Kozeny–Carman Equation to Predict the Hydraulic Conductivity of Loess

Using the Effective Void Ratio and Specific Surface Area in the Kozeny–Carman Equation to Predict the Hydraulic Conductivity of Loess

Permeability of rapid prototyped artificial bone scaffold structures

The Influence of Hindered Transport on the Development of Platelet Thrombi Under Flow

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