Kosmotoga olearia gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic heterotroph isolated from an oil production fluid

DiPippo, Jonathan L.; Nesbø, Camilla; Dahle, Helge K.; Doolittle, W. Ford; Birkland, Nils-Kåre; Noll, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.008045-0

Cited by 113 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The Thermotogales order contains many different members, which are gram-negative and rod-shaped anaerobic thermopiles containing unique lipids (Huber et al 1990). The novelty found in the present study was that nearly all of the Thermotogales bacteria were affiliated with Kosmotoga genus which was a recently proposed new genus (DiPippo et al 2009) containing members isolated from oil production fluid (Kosmotoga olearia) (DiPippo et al 2009) and from a shallow hydrothermal system occurring within a coral reef (Kosmotoga arenicorallina) (Nunoura et al 2010). So far, this is the first time to report the extremely high abundance (~67 %).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Bacterial Communities in Different Sections of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Revealed by 16S rDNA 454 Pyrosequencing

Ye¹,

ZHANG²

2015

Bioremediation of Wastewater

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In this study, we successfully demonstrated that 454 pyrosequencing was a powerful approach for investigating the bacterial communities in the activated sludge, digestion sludge, influent, and effluent samples of a full scale wastewater treatment plant treating saline sewage. For each sample, 18,808 effective sequences were selected and utilized to do the bacterial diversity and abundance analysis. In total, 2,455, 794, 1,667, and 1,932 operational taxonomic units were obtained at 3 % distance cutoff in the activated sludge, digestion sludge, influent, and effluent samples, respectively. The corresponding most dominant classes in the four samples are Alphaproteobacteria, Thermotogae, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. About 67 % sequences in the digestion sludge sample were found to be affiliated with the Thermotogales order. Also, these sequences were assigned into a recently proposed genus Kosmotoga by the Ribosomal Database Project classifier. In the effluent sample, we found high abundance of Mycobacterium and Vibrio, which are genera containing pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, in this study, we proposed a method to differentiate the "gene percentage" and "cell percentage" by using Ribosomal RNA Operon Copy Number Database.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Bacterial Communities in Different Sections of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Revealed by 16S rDNA 454 Pyrosequencing

Ye¹,

ZHANG²

2015

Bioremediation of Wastewater

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“…3). Members of this genus have been found in hydrothermal sediments (Nunoura et al 2010;L'Haridon et al 2014) and oil production fluids (DiPippo et al 2009;Feng et al 2010). Like other thermophilic Thermotogae, the Kosmotoga are anaerobic chemoorganotrophs able to ferment carbohydrates and peptides (Nunoura et al 2010) and to produce molecular hydrogen (DiPippo et al 2009;Feng et al 2010).…”

Section: Transition To Mesophily In Kosmotoga and Mesotogamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other thermophilic Thermotogae, the Kosmotoga are anaerobic chemoorganotrophs able to ferment carbohydrates and peptides (Nunoura et al 2010) and to produce molecular hydrogen (DiPippo et al 2009;Feng et al 2010). The first isolated bacterium of this genus was K. olearia (DiPippo et al 2009). Kosmotoga olearia grows optimally at 65°C and has a reported growth range of 20-80°C (DiPippo et al 2009).…”

Section: Transition To Mesophily In Kosmotoga and Mesotogamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first isolated bacterium of this genus was K. olearia (DiPippo et al 2009). Kosmotoga olearia grows optimally at 65°C and has a reported growth range of 20-80°C (DiPippo et al 2009). Not only is this bacterium capable of growing at an unusually low temperature for a thermophile, but to our knowledge it represents the widest reported bacterial temperature growth range to date.…”

Section: Transition To Mesophily In Kosmotoga and Mesotogamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into thermoadaptation and the evolution of mesophily from the bacterial phylum Thermotogae

2015

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Thermophiles are extremophiles that grow optimally at temperatures >45°C. To survive and maintain function of their biological molecules, they have a suite of characteristics not found in organisms that grow at moderate temperature (mesophiles). At the cellular level, thermophiles have mechanisms for maintaining their membranes, nucleic acids, and other cellular structures. At the protein level, each of their proteins remains stable and retains activity at temperatures that would denature their mesophilic homologs. Conversely, cellular structures and proteins from thermophiles may not function optimally at moderate temperatures. These differences between thermophiles and mesophiles presumably present a barrier for evolutionary transitioning between the 2 lifestyles. Therefore, studying closely related thermophiles and mesophiles can help us determine how such lifestyle transitions may happen. The bacterial phylum Thermotogae contains hyperthermophiles, thermophiles, mesophiles, and organisms with temperature ranges wide enough to span both thermophilic and mesophilic temperatures. Genomic, proteomic, and physiological differences noted between other bacterial thermophiles and mesophiles are evident within the Thermotogae. We argue that the Thermotogae is an ideal group of organisms for understanding of the response to fluctuating temperature and of long-term evolutionary adaptation to a different growth temperature range.Key words: lateral gene transfer, Kosmotoga, Mesotoga, thermostability, stress response. Résumé :Les thermophiles sont des extrémophiles dont la température optimale de croissance se situe au-delà de 45°C. Pour survivre et permettre à leurs biomolécules de bien fonctionner, ils doivent se doter de caractéristiques qu'on ne retrouve pas chez des organismes se développant à des températures intermédiaires (mésophiles). Sur le plan cellulaire, les thermophiles ont des mécanismes permettant de préserver leurs membranes, acides nucléiques et autres structures cellulaires. Au chapitre des protéines, chacune d'entre elles demeure stable et active à des températures qui dénatureraient leurs homologues mésophiles. En revanche, les structures et protéines cellulaires des thermophiles pourraient ne pas fonctionner de manière optimale à des températures intermédiaires. De telles différences entre les thermophiles et les mésophiles auraient tendance à se dresser en travers d'une transition évolutive entre ces deux modes de vie. Par conséquent, l'étude de thermophiles et de mésophiles fortement apparentés pourrait nous permettre d'établir comment surviendraient de telles transitions du mode de vie. Le phylum bactérien Thermotogae regroupe des hyperthermophiles, des thermophiles, des mésophiles et des organismes dont l'intervalle de températures chevauche les plages thermophiles et mésophiles. On observe parmi les Thermotogae des différences sur le plan génomique, protéomique, et physiologique qu'on relève également entre d'autres thermophiles et méso-philes bactériens. Nous soutenons que les Thermot...

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“…were isolated from oil production fluids of the Troll B and Troll C oil platforms, as described in Dipippo et al (2009), and from shallow marine hydrothermal vents in the Kuril islands, as described in Svetlichny et al (1991). Detailed description of the isolation procedure, DNA isolation, genome and fosmid clone sequencing and assembly and annotation is provided in Supplementary Information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for extensive gene flow and Thermotoga subpopulations in subsurface and marine environments

et al. 2014

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Oil reservoirs represent a nutrient-rich ecological niche of the deep biosphere. Although most oil reservoirs are occupied by microbial populations, when and how the microbes colonized these environments remains unanswered. To address this question, we compared 11 genomes of Thermotoga maritima-like hyperthermophilic bacteria from two environment types: subsurface oil reservoirs in the North Sea and Japan, and marine sites located in the Kuril Islands, Italy and the Azores. We complemented our genomes with Thermotoga DNA from publicly available subsurface metagenomes from North America and Australia. Our analysis revealed complex non-bifurcating evolutionary history of the isolates' genomes, suggesting high amounts of gene flow across all sampled locations, a conjecture supported by numerous recombination events. Genomes from the same type of environment tend to be more similar, and have exchanged more genes with each other than with geographically close isolates from different types of environments. Hence, Thermotoga populations of oil reservoirs do not appear isolated, a requirement of the 'burial and isolation' hypothesis, under which reservoir bacteria are descendants of the isolated communities buried with sediments that over time became oil reservoirs. Instead, our analysis supports a more complex view, where bacteria from subsurface and marine populations have been continuously migrating into the oil reservoirs and influencing their genetic composition. The Thermotoga spp. in the oil reservoirs in the North Sea and Japan probably entered the reservoirs shortly after they were formed. An Australian oil reservoir, on the other hand, was likely colonized very recently, perhaps during human reservoir development.

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Kosmotoga olearia gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic heterotroph isolated from an oil production fluid

Cited by 113 publications

References 54 publications

Bacterial Communities in Different Sections of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Revealed by 16S rDNA 454 Pyrosequencing

Bacterial Communities in Different Sections of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Revealed by 16S rDNA 454 Pyrosequencing

Insights into thermoadaptation and the evolution of mesophily from the bacterial phylum Thermotogae

Evidence for extensive gene flow and Thermotoga subpopulations in subsurface and marine environments

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