Korteweg–De Vries–Burger Equation with Jeffreys’ Wind–Wave Interaction: Blow-Up and Breaking of Soliton-like Solutions in Finite Time

Abstract

In this study, the evolution of surface water solitary waves under the action of Jeffreys’ wind–wave amplification mechanism in shallow water is analytically investigated. The analytic approach is essential for numerical investigations due to the scale of energy dissipation near coasts. Although many works have been conducted based on the Jeffreys’ approach, only some studies have been carried out on finite depth. We show that nonlinearity, dispersion, and anti-dissipation are the dominating phenomena, obeying an anti-diffusive and fully nonlinear Serre–Green–Naghdi (SGN) equation. Applying an appropriate perturbation method, the current research yields a Korteweg–de Vries–Burger-type equation (KdV-B), combining weak nonlinearity, dispersion, and anti-dissipation. This derivation is novel. We show that the continuous transfer of energy from wind to water results in the growth over time of the KdV-B soliton’s amplitude, velocity, acceleration, and energy, while its effective wavelength decreases. This phenomenon differs from the classical results of Jeffreys’ approach and is due to finite depth. In this study, it is shown that expansion and breaking occur in finite time. These times are calculated and expressed with respect to soliton- and wind-appropriateparameters and values. The obtained values are measurable in experimental facilities. A detailed analysis of the breaking time is conducted with regard to various criteria. By comparing these times to the experimental results, the validity of these criteria are examined.