Körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit 43- bis 45-Jähriger und 62- bis 64-Jähriger im Vergleich

Ehrler, W.; Huth, M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-51100-4_15

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Tests of motor fitness were feet tapping (Voelcker-Rehage and Wiertz, 2003 ) as indicator of action speed , a stick–fall-test (Ehrler and Huth, 2000 ) as indicator of reaction speed , and one-leg-stand with eyes open and closed (Ekdahl et al, 1989 ) as indicators of balance . The feet tapping test required participants to tap with both feet simultaneously in a sitting position across a marker at the floor in front of them (number of taps within 20 s were counted, the best of two trials was selected for analysis).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Coordination Training Differentially Improve Cognitive Performance and Neural Processing in Older Adults

Voelcker‐Rehage¹,

Godde²,

Staudinger³

2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci

334

303

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Recent studies revealed a positive influence of physical activity on cognitive functioning in older adults. Studies that investigate the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of type and long term duration of physical training, however, are missing. We performed a 12-month longitudinal study to investigate the effects of cardiovascular and coordination training (control group: relaxation and stretching) on cognitive functions (executive control and perceptual speed) in older adults. We analyzed data of 44 participants aged 62–79 years. Participants were trained three times a week for 12 months. Their physical and cognitive performance was tested prior to training, and after 6 and 12 months. Changes in brain activation patterns were investigated using functional MRI. On the behavioral level, both experimental groups improved in executive functioning and perceptual speed but with differential effects on speed and accuracy. In line with the behavioral findings, neurophysiological results for executive control also revealed changes (increases and reductions) in brain activity for both interventions in frontal, parietal, and sensorimotor cortical areas. In contrast to the behavioral findings, neurophysiological changes were linear without indication of a plateau. In both intervention groups, prefrontal areas showed decreased activation after 6 and 12 months when performing an executive control task, as compared to the control group, indicating more efficient information processing. Furthermore, cardiovascular training was associated with an increased activation of the sensorimotor network, whereas coordination training was associated with increased activation in the visual–spatial network. Our data suggest that besides cardiovascular training also other types of physical activity improve cognition of older adults. The mechanisms, however, that underlie the performance changes seem to differ depending on the intervention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Coordination Training Differentially Improve Cognitive Performance and Neural Processing in Older Adults

Voelcker‐Rehage¹,

Godde²,

Staudinger³

2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci

334

303

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“…For a more detailed description see Voelcker-Rehage et al (2010) . To prove effects of motor coordination training across the 12-month study interval (after 6 and 12 months), we used three tests that characterize motor coordination performance, namely feet tapping (as indicator for action speed), a stick-fall-test (as indicator for reaction speed, Ehrler and Huth, 2000 ), and one-leg-stand with eyes open (as indicator for balance performance).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not only cardiovascular, but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adults

Niemann

Godde

Voelcker‐Rehage

2014

Front. Aging Neurosci.

163

144

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Cardiovascular activity has been shown to be positively associated with gray and white matter volume of, amongst others, frontal and temporal brain regions in older adults. This is particularly true for the hippocampus, a brain structure that plays an important role in learning and memory, and whose decline has been related to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In the current study, we were interested in whether not only cardiovascular activity but also other types of physical activity, i.e., coordination training, were also positively associated with the volume of the hippocampus in older adults. For this purpose we first collected cross-sectional data on “metabolic fitness” (cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength) and “motor fitness” (e.g., balance, movement speed, fine coordination). Second, we performed a 12-month randomized controlled trial. Results revealed that motor fitness but not metabolic fitness was associated with hippocampal volume. After the 12-month intervention period, both, cardiovascular and coordination training led to increases in hippocampal volume. Our findings suggest that a high motor fitness level as well as different types of physical activity were beneficial to diminish age-related hippocampal volume shrinkage or even increase hippocampal volume.

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“…During the 30 s Chair Stand Test [ 31 ], participants began by sitting on a chair and continuously got up and sat down (the number of get-ups within 30 s was counted and used for analysis). Reaction speed was assessed by the Stick-Fall Test [ 32 ], in which participants gripped a falling stick as soon as possible with their dominant and nondominant hand (three trials with right and left hand; falling distance in cm was measured, and the mean of the best trial of the right and left hand was used for data analysis). Balance was measured by three tests: the Backwards Beam Walk Test and the One-Leg Stand with eyes open and closed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senior Dance Experience, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Volume in Older Women

2016

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Physical activity is positively related to cognitive functioning and brain volume in older adults. Interestingly, different types of physical activity vary in their effects on cognition and on the brain. For example, dancing has become an interesting topic in aging research, as it is a popular leisure activity among older adults, involving cardiovascular and motor fitness dimensions that can be positively related to cognition. However, studies on brain structure are missing. In this study, we tested the association of long-term senior dance experience with cognitive performance and gray matter brain volume in older women aged 65 to 82 years. We compared nonprofessional senior dancers (n = 28) with nonsedentary control group participants without any dancing experience (n = 29), who were similar in age, education, IQ score, lifestyle and health factors, and fitness level. Differences neither in the four tested cognitive domains (executive control, perceptual speed, episodic memory, and long-term memory) nor in brain volume (VBM whole-brain analysis, region-of-interest analysis of the hippocampus) were observed. Results indicate that moderate dancing activity (1-2 times per week, on average) has no additional effects on gray matter volume and cognitive functioning when a certain lifestyle or physical activity and fitness level are reached.

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Körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit 43- bis 45-Jähriger und 62- bis 64-Jähriger im Vergleich

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Cardiovascular and Coordination Training Differentially Improve Cognitive Performance and Neural Processing in Older Adults

Cardiovascular and Coordination Training Differentially Improve Cognitive Performance and Neural Processing in Older Adults

Not only cardiovascular, but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adults

Senior Dance Experience, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Volume in Older Women

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