Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) for Brazilian Children and Adolescents: Factor Analysis, Invariance and Factor Score

Abstract

The decrease in children motor competence, with a consequent reduction in the levels of physical activities and fitness, impacting health negatively, has affected children across countries. In addition to consistent intervention strategies, it is necessary to use appropriate instruments. The Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) is a reliable and low-cost motor coordination (MC) test used in several countries but lacking psychometric evidence in the Brazilian population. The present study investigates the factor structure of KTK in a Brazilian sample; and, compared four possibilities of calculating the factorial score of the test, precisely the sum of the scores, sum of the standard scores, weighted method, and the refined method. The participants of the study consisted of 565 volunteers (49.9% boys), from 5 to 10 (7.93 ± 1.51) years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) means of 17.04 (±2.81). The results showed that the KTK factor structure was adequate to the model for the total sample, by sex, and by age groups. However, the results did not confirm the invariance between sexes and age groups. Besides, our result showed that the sum of the raw scores of the subtests could be used as the factor score method in KTK. In the end, we conclude that the KTK is a valid test to measure the MC of Brazilian children and adolescents, with features that qualify it as a useful instrument both for research and for the practice.

The validity and reliability of observational assessment tools available to measure fundamental movement skills in school-age children: A systematic review

“…Three studies evaluated the validity and reliability of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) [ 77 , 80 , 136 ]. Two studies looked at the structural validity of the KTK, and found adequate evidence to support a one factor structure, interpreted as representing “body coordination” [ 77 , 80 ].…”

“…Three studies evaluated the validity and reliability of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) [ 77 , 80 , 136 ]. Two studies looked at the structural validity of the KTK, and found adequate evidence to support a one factor structure, interpreted as representing “body coordination” [ 77 , 80 ]. The internal consistency of the KTK was consistently found to be good across samples in Finland, Portugal and Belgium (α ranged from .78 - .83), however, as hypothesised there were significant differences between groups, in which children from Portugal and Belgium performed worse than Finnish participants [ 136 ].…”

Validação da estrutura fatorial do Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK) em escolares de 8 a 10 anos

“…Ao comparar com o estudo de Moreira et al 10 , é possível afi rmar que o presente estudo converge com os achados dos autores supracitados, porém, alguns critérios psicométricos foram melhores do que os observados por eles, especifi camente, em relação ao χ 2 /gl e, em especial, ao Pclose, o qual não encontrado no estudo citado. Este indicador é uma ponderação do teste de hipótese nula do RMSEA, o qual, sugere sua rejeição ou não, quando esse valor for próximo de zero, recomendando ser > 0.05, condição que garante a qualidade e parcimônia dos ajustes no modelo da estrutura hipotetizada.…”

“…Com objetivo de avaliar a estrutura fatorial do KTK na referida amostra, além dos cálculos supracitados, realizou-se uma análise fatorial confi rmatória no programa estatístico AMOS 21.0. Neste, pretendeu-se avaliar a consistência da estrutura fatorial do modelo do KTK, previamente proposta por Kiphard e Schilling 10 . Sendo assim, considerou-se como entrada, a matriz de covariância, tendo sido adotado o estimador ML (Maximum-Likelihood).…”

“…Nesta perspectiva, nos últimos anos no Brasil tem sido possível observar estudos que vêm utilizando o KTK em diferentes populações e regiões do país [8][9] . Após uma ampla busca pela literatura, verifi cou-se um estudo que analisou a estrutura fatorial do KTK em uma amostra brasileira em específi co no estado de Minas Gerais, permitindo estabelecer parâmetros para ampliar a utilização do KTK para avaliar a coordenação motora em crianças e adolescentes no país 10 .…”