Korean Red Pine (<i>Pinus densiflora</i>) Bark Extract Attenuates Aβ-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation

Go, Min Ji; Kim, Jong Min; Kang, Jin Yong; Park, Seon Kyeong; Lee, Chang Jun; Kim, Min Ji; Lee, Hyo Rim; Kim, Tae Yoon; Joo, Seung Gyum; Kim, Dae‐Ok; Heo, Ho Jin

doi:10.4014/jmb.2207.07015

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Various parts of P. densiflora as food ingredients exhibit beneficial physiological activities; related academic research is being conducted. For instance, the bark of P. densiflora can lower blood pressure, improve cognitive impairment, protect nerves, and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties [ 13 , 34 , 35 ]. Furthermore, , its leaves have hepatocellular carcinoma prevention and anticancer effects [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune-Enhancing Effect of Pinus densiflora Pollen Extract via NF-κB Pathway Activation

Jang,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Considering the emergence of various infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people's attention has shifted towards immune health. Consequently, immune-enhancing functional foods have been increasingly consumed. Hence, developing new immune-enhancing functional food products is needed. Pinus densiflora pollen can be collected from the male red pine tree, which is commonly found in Korea. P. densiflora pollen extract (PDE), obtained by water extraction, contained polyphenols (216.29 ± 0.22 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (35.14 ± 0.04 mg CE/100 g). PDE significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but, did not exhibit cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot results indicated that PDE induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. PDE also significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and p65, as well as the activation and degradation of IκBα. Additionally, western blot analysis of cytosolic and nuclear fractions and immunofluorescence assay confirmed that the translocation of p65 to the nucleus after PDE treatment. These results confirmed that PDE increases the production of cytokines, NO, and ROS by activating NF-κB. Therefore, PDE is a promising nutraceutical candidate for immune-enhancing functional foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune-Enhancing Effect of Pinus densiflora Pollen Extract via NF-κB Pathway Activation

Jang,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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“…In addition, JNK, which is activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, exacerbates neuronal death signals and neurodegeneration [ 13 , 59 ]. p-JNK negatively affects downstream processes related to cell survival, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt cascade [ 60 ]. Inhibition of AKT activation results in NF-κB release and activated NF-kB can induce the transcription of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Amnesia-like Effect of Pinus densiflora Extract by Improving Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation on Trimethyltin-Induced ICR Mice

Go,

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study was conducted to investigate the anti-amnestic property of Korean red pine bark extract (KRPBE) on TMT-induced cognitive decline in ICR mice. As a result of looking at behavioral function, the consumption of KRPBE improved the spatial work ability, short-term learning, and memory ability by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. KRPBE suppressed antioxidant system damage by assessing the SOD activity, reduced GSH content, and MDA levels in brain tissue. In addition, it had a protective effect on cholinergic and synaptic systems by regulating ACh levels, AChE activity, and protein expression levels of ChAT, AChE, SYP, and PSD-95. Also, the KRPBE ameliorated TMT-induced mitochondrial damage by regulating the ROS content, MMP, and ATP levels. Treatment with KRPBE suppressed Aβ accumulation and phosphorylation of tau and reduced the expression level of BAX/BCl-2 ratio and caspase 3, improving oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with KRPBE improved cognitive dysfunction by regulating the neuro-inflammatory protein expression levels of p-JNK, p-Akt, p-IκB-α, COX-2, and IL-1β. Based on these results, the extract of Korean red pine bark, which is discarded as a byproduct of forestry, might be used as an eco-friendly material for functional foods or pharmaceuticals by having an anti-amnesia effect on cognitive impairment.

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“…There are data from the literature that demonstrate the cytotoxicity of some extracts obtained from the bark of different pine species [7][8][9]. Cytotoxic activity was also observed in hydromethanolic extracts obtained from Pinus cembra L. needles when testing their inhibition level on the HeLa cell line (human cervix cancer cell line).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Ecological Factors on the Phytochemical Characteristics of Pinus cembra L.

Coman,

Babotă,

Nădășan

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Pinus cembra L., also known as Swiss pine, is one of the lesser studied coniferous species, despite literature pointing out its great potential to be used for medical purposes due to its high contents in active phytochemicals. The aim of this study is to phytochemically assess rhytidome and periderm extracts obtained from Swiss pine from various locations and altitudes, so as to be able to deduce the best locations for harvesting samples with the highest biological activity. After the plant was analyzed histo-anatomically, hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained using ultrasounds, a rotary evaporator, and dry freezing. After determining the total polyphenolic content (TPC) in each sample, they were tested for antioxidant and enzymatic activity, while taking note of the influence of the varying altitudes and different harvesting regions on the intensity of each activity. The results from the TPC analysis show that rhytidome samples collected from the highest altitude (2429 m) displayed the highest content of polyphenols, with a general tendency for the amount of polyphenolic content to be directly correlated to altitude, this finding being further supported by the antioxidant activity also growing directly proportionally with the altitude. Enzymatic inhibition activity was found to be moderate for α-glucosidase and low for α-amylase. Following our findings, we can safely say that Pinus cembra L. extracts can be a great source of compounds with antioxidant activity; however, further studies are warranted to best determine the true potential of this species.

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Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) Bark Extract Attenuates Aβ-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Innate Immune-Enhancing Effect of Pinus densiflora Pollen Extract via NF-κB Pathway Activation

Innate Immune-Enhancing Effect of Pinus densiflora Pollen Extract via NF-κB Pathway Activation

Anti-Amnesia-like Effect of Pinus densiflora Extract by Improving Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation on Trimethyltin-Induced ICR Mice

The Influence of Ecological Factors on the Phytochemical Characteristics of Pinus cembra L.

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