Korean Red Ginseng Saponin Fraction Downregulates Proinflammatory Mediators in LPS Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Protects Mice against Endotoxic Shock

Abstract

Korean red ginseng has shown therapeutic effects for a number of disease conditions. However, little is known about the antiinflammatory effect of Korean red ginseng saponin fraction (RGSF) in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we showed that RGSF containing 20(S)-protopanaxadiol type saponins inhibited nitric oxide production and attenuated the release of tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), and macrophage chemo-attractant protein-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, RGSF down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxyginase-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, GMCSF, and IL-6. Furthermore, RGSF reduced the level of TNF-α in the serum and protected mice against LPS mediated endotoxic shock. In conclusion, these results indicated that ginsenosides from RGSF and their metabolites could be potential sources of therapeutic agents against inflammation.

Genetic defects in the nef gene are associated with Korean Red Ginseng intake: monitoring of nef sequence polymorphisms over 20 years

“…gΔ nef and SD might result indirectly from immune modulation toward a Th1 cytokine profile, an anti-inflammatory response [7], [8], [9], [10], in addition to viral suppression [29].…”

Resveratrol Reduces the Proinflammatory Effects and Lipopolysaccharide- Induced Expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in RAW264.7 Cells

“…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and can induce inflammation. When macrophages are exposed to LPS, TLR4 recognizes LPS and causes cell activation, including the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 [1,2,3,4,5]. Production of NO is catalyzed by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which can be induced by a range of stimuli, including cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF- α) and microbes [6,7].…”

Cell migration and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Red Ginseng Extracts Fermented with Laetiporus Sulphureus

“…면역학적 반응에는 T림프구, 대식세포가 관여하는데, 이 중 대식세포 (macrophage)는 병원체에 반응을 하여 염증반응을 일 으키며, tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)와 같은 염증유발인자 (pro-inflammatory cytokine)를 생성한다. 또한 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)에 의해서 생성되는 nitric oxide (NO)와 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)에 의해서 생 성되는 prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) 등의 염증유발인자들 도 생성된다 [15][16]. 이러한 염증 반응을 억제하기 위 해 이들의 사이토카인을 억제하는 물질에 대한 연구 가 피부과학 분야에서 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 콜라 겐의 합성의 저하, 콜라겐 I 분해효소인 matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)이 증가함에 따라 피부노화가 촉진되는 것으로 알려져 있어, 화장품 분야에서 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다 [18,19].…”