Korean Red Ginseng improves atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by suppressing expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo and in vitro

Kee, Ji‐Ye; Jeon, Yong-Deok; Kim, Daeseung; Han, Yohan; Park, Jin Bong; Youn, Dong‐Hyun; Kim, Sujin; Ahn, Kwang Seok; Um, Jae‐Young; Hong, Seung‐Heon

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.003

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Korean Red Ginseng is a valuable and popular traditional medicinal herb in East Asia, where it is widely used to treat various diseases. The material is reported to have several pharmacological effects, including immunomodulatory, antifatigue, anti-allergic, and antitumor activities [7], [8], [9], [10]. Ginsenosides Rg3, Rh1, Rh2, Rh4, Rs1–4, and Rf2 are known to be present only in Korean Red Ginseng, and these compounds exert pharmacological effects [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract on colorectal lung metastasis through inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-β1/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression

Kee

Han

Mun

et al. 2019

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundIn colorectal cancer (CRC), 40–60% of patients develop metastasis. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal and intricate process that increases the metastatic potential of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on colorectal metastasis through inhibition of EMT and the metastatic abilities of CRC cells.MethodsTo investigate the effect of RGE on the metastatic phenotypes of CRC cells, CT26 and HT29 cells were evaluated by using an adhesion assay, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, zymography, and real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Western-blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RGE, which showed an inhibitory effect on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in HT29 cells. Additionally, the antimetastatic effect of RGE was evaluated in a mouse model of lung metastasis injected with CT26 cells.ResultsRGE decreased the adhesion and migration ability of the CT26 cells and TGF-β1-treated HT29 cells. The invasion ability was also reduced by RGE treatment through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity. Moreover, RGE suppressed the TGF-β1-induced EMT via TGF-β1/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression in HT29 cells and lung tissue in CT26 tumor-bearing mice.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that RGE inhibited colorectal lung metastasis through a reduction in metastatic phenotypes, such as migration, invasion, and the EMT of CRC cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract on colorectal lung metastasis through inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-β1/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression

Kee

Han

Mun

et al. 2019

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…The activation of these signaling pathways by an inflammatory response leads to the synthesis of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. In vitro experiments with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ activated keratinocytes have shown that these signaling pathways were activated resulting in an increased expression of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atopic Dermatitis-Related Inflammation in Macrophages and Keratinocytes: The Inhibitory Effects of Bee Venom

Kim

Song

2019

J Acupunct Res

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Background: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of bee venom (BV) through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) expression in macrophages and keratinocytes. Methods: Cell viability assays were performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of BV in activated macrophages [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and keratinocytes [interferon-gamma/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (IFN-γ/ TNF-α)]. A luciferase assay was performed to investigate the cellular expression of NF-κB in relation to BV dose. The expression of NF-κB inhibitors (p-IκBα, IκBα, and p50 and p65) were determined by Western Blot analysis, and the electromobility shift assay. A nitrite quantification assay was performed to investigate the effect of BV, and NF-κB inhibitor on nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages. In addition, Western Blot analysis was performed to investigate the effect of BV on the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in activated macrophages and keratinocytes. Results: BV was not cytotoxic to activated macrophages and keratinocytes. Transcriptional activity of NF-κB, and p50, p65, and p-IκBα expression was reduced by treatment with BV in activated macrophages and keratinocytes. Treatment with BV and an NF-κB inhibitor, reduced the production of NO by activated macrophages, and also reduced NF-κB transcriptional activity in activated keratinocytes (compared with either BV, or NF-κB inhibitor treatment). Furthermore, BV decreased p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK expression in LPS-activated macrophages and IFN-γ/TNF-α-activated keratinocytes. Conclusion: BV blocked the signaling pathway of NF-κB, which plays an important role in the inflammatory response in macrophages and keratinocytes. These findings provided the possibility of BV in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

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“…The number, the position, and the type of sugar moieties have been known to contribute to diverse pharmacological potentials of ginsenosides, such as anti-cancer, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties [17][18][19]. As previously reported, administration of red ginseng extract was shown to have an ameliorating effect on AD-like skin lesions by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB pathway [20,21]. Additionally, ginsenosides Rg3, Rf, and Rh2 have been reported to inhibit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and contact dermatitis in a mouse model by suppressing the expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice by Suppressing NF-kappaB-Mediated Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Expression and T Helper Type 2 Differentiation

Park

Lee

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Ginsenosides are known to have various highly pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the search for the most effective ginsenosides against the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and the study of the effects of ginsenosides on specific cytokines involved in AD remain unclear. In this study, ginsenoside Rh2 was shown to exert the most effective anti-inflammatory action on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin 8 in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid induced normal human keratinocytes by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines at both protein and transcriptional levels. Concomitantly, Rh2 also efficiently alleviated 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD-like skin symptoms when applied topically, including suppression of immune cell infiltration, cytokine expression, and serum immunoglobulin E levels in NC/Nga mice. In line with the in vitro results, Rh2 inhibited TSLP levels in AD mice via regulation of an underlying mechanism involving the nuclear factor κB pathways. In addition, in regard to immune cells, we showed that Rh2 suppressed not only the expression of TSLP but the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T-cells into T helper type 2 cells and their effector function in vitro. Collectively, our results indicated that Rh2 might be considered as a good therapeutic candidate for the alternative treatment of AD.

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Korean Red Ginseng improves atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by suppressing expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo and in vitro

Cited by 49 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract on colorectal lung metastasis through inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-β1/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract on colorectal lung metastasis through inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-β1/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression

Atopic Dermatitis-Related Inflammation in Macrophages and Keratinocytes: The Inhibitory Effects of Bee Venom

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice by Suppressing NF-kappaB-Mediated Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Expression and T Helper Type 2 Differentiation

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