“…This series is based on data for West-Germany only. Grey shaded areas correspond to recessionary periods 1967Q1-1967Q2, 1974Q1-1975Q2, 1980Q1-1982Q4, 1992Q1-1993Q2, 2001Q1-2003Q2, and 2008Q1-2009Q2 as indicated by the German Council of Economic Experts (see Breuer et al, 2022). Bottom panel plots the aggregate capacity utilization series for the U.S. provided by the FRB, FRED Code: TCU.…”