Konfokale Scanning-Laser-Indocyaningrün-Angiographie mit dem Heidelberg Retina Angiograph

Dithmar, Stefan; Holz, Frank G.; Burk, Reinhard; Rohrschneider, Klaus; Völcker, Hans-Eberhard

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1035342

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The specific ApoE genetype found in AMD has been implicated in the pathologic changes in the retina with evidence of the colocalization of ApoE with defining lesions, such as drusen, in AMD [150].. This is supported by the finding that ApoE deficient mice show characteristic pathological changes similar to that found in human AMD [153,154].…”

Section: Ad-like Changes In Amdmentioning

confidence: 84%

Alzheimers Disease and Retinal Neurodegeneration

Guo¹,

Duggan²,

Cordeiro³

2010

CAR

139

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the world. Although the entorhinal cortex and hippocampal complex are best known as the sites of early pathology in AD, increasing evidence shows that the eye, particularly the retina, is also affected. The AD-related changes in the retina are associated with degeneration and loss of neurons, reduction of the retinal nerve fibres, increase in optic disc cupping, retinal vascular tortusity and thinning, and visual functional impairment. Given the fact that evaluating pathologic changes in the brain during life has always been an indirect process, largely shielded from view by the barrier of the skull, the eye can be used as a window into diseases of the brain. Using modern techniques, the changes in the retina can be visualized in real-time. In addition to the changes in the eyes of AD patients, similar mechanisms of neurodegeneration in the brain have also been demonstrated in the eye. Targeting AD-liked changes in the retina has been recently shown to be effective in the reduction of retinal neuronal degeneration and loss in eye diseases. This review will cover recent findings on retinal degeneration in AD, pathological similarities between AD and eye diseases, and highlight the potential of modern technologies for the detection of prospective biomarkers in the eye in early AD.

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Section: Ad-like Changes In Amdmentioning

confidence: 84%

Alzheimers Disease and Retinal Neurodegeneration

Guo¹,

Duggan²,

Cordeiro³

2010

CAR

139

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“…The optical and technical principles of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy have been described previously, and the cSLO technique was identical to that of an instrument introduced recently for clinical use (HRA2; Heidelberg Engineering) (Dithmar et al. 1995; Holz et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evaluation of simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging combined with high‐resolution, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography

Helb

Issa

Fleckenstein

et al. 2010

Acta Ophthalmologica

106

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To evaluate the clinical relevance of a new diagnostic modality, simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and high-speed, high-resolution, spectraldomain optical coherence tomography (OCT), for the visualization of macular pathologies.Methods: OCT images and simultaneous recording of fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, infrared, and blue reflectance ('red-free') or fundus autofluorecence (FAF) images were obtained with a novel imaging device (Spectralis HRA + OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). An optically pumped solid-state laser generated the excitation wavelength (488 nm) required for blue reflectance, FAF and fluorescein angiography images. For ICG angiography and infrared imaging, diode laser sources at 790 and 815 nm were used. For OCT, 40 000 A-scans per second were acquired with 7 lm axial and 14 lm lateral optical resolution. The B-scans covering a transversal range of 30°had a scan width up to 1.536 A-scans with a digital lateral resolution of 5 lm ⁄ pixel, a scan depth of 1.8 mm with 3.5 lm ⁄ pixel digital axial resolution and a scan rate of up to 48 B-scans ⁄ second. In addition, volume scans could be obtained at 15, 20 and 30°fields of view. An integrated eye tracking allowed for live averaging of cSLO images as well as OCT B-scans.Results: Early, neovascular and atrophic age-related macular degeneration, macular telangiectasia, retinal arterial, branch vein occlusion and other pathologies were imaged, and cSLO and OCT frames correlated. Fluorescein and ICG angiographic phenomena recorded in cSLO images could be analysed accurately in corresponding OCT cross-sections. Abnormal FAF signals were correlated to alterations at the outer retinal ⁄ retinal pigment epithelial cell layer in high-resolution OCT scans. Three-dimensional OCT enabled comprehensive retinal coverage. The imaging software tracked eye movements accurately. Averaging of live Bscans enhanced image quality considerably. Conclusion:The combined cSLO ⁄ OCT system allowed for simultaneous recordings of topographic and tomographic images with accurate correlation between the confocal angiograms, FAF images as well as other imaging modes with the OCT scans. The instrument thus provides simultaneous multi-modal imaging of retinal pathologies and disease.Key words: blue reflectance imaging -confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy -fluorescein angiography -fundus autofluorescence -indocyanine green angiography -infrared reflectance imaging -spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

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“…The optical and technical principles of the HRA have been described previously [2,3,11,25]. In summary, two scanning mirrors provide the horizontal and vertical scanning directions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of increased in vivo fundus autofluorescence in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium associated with age-related macular degeneration

Holz

Bellmann

Margaritidis

et al. 1999

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

236

154

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The different patterns of autofluorescence in the presence of GA associated with ARMD may reflect variable forms of reactive changes in the surrounding RPE cells, and may indicate the extend of compromised RPE secondary to ageing changes in the outer retina, Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris. Since GA spreads over time, increased LF accumulation in the junctional zone may precede cell death and may, therefore, be of prognostic value. Knowledge of the topographic variation in LF accumulation is important because heterogeneity may reflect underlying differences in cell kinetics, metabolism and biochemistry.

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Konfokale Scanning-Laser-Indocyaningrün-Angiographie mit dem Heidelberg Retina Angiograph

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Alzheimers Disease and Retinal Neurodegeneration

Alzheimers Disease and Retinal Neurodegeneration

Clinical evaluation of simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging combined with high‐resolution, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography

Patterns of increased in vivo fundus autofluorescence in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium associated with age-related macular degeneration

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