“…It usually consisted of synthesis of the l-dialkyl ester followed by partial hydrolysis to the monoalkyl ester. Examples of stereoselective approaches were reported using d-diethyl tartrate 5 as starting material (Figure 3, method G), [34,81,82] (À )-malic (Figure 3, method H [83] ), or fumaric acid (Figure 3, method F [84,85] ). The most general method [81] consisted of preparation of the epoxysuccinic dialkyl ester, starting from diethyl d-(+)-tartrate 5 by treatment with HBr in AcOH, followed by epoxide closure in presence of NaOEt.…”