“…While eukaryotes provide a limited set of only eight different carbohydrate residues, there seems to be a boundless repertoire of sugar monomers in bacterial glycoconjugates [3]. In view of their ubiquitous presence in nature as building blocks of the structural frameworks of cells, sources of metabolic energy, and key components of various intercellular recognition processes [4], it is not surprising that carbohydrates play important roles in the mechanisms of many antibiotics [5]. On the one hand, they make up important parts of the structures of some antibiotic targets, as exemplified by the bacterial cell envelope, covered in the first part of this chapter.…”