Kohl: A Lead-Hazardous Eye Makeup from the Third World to the First World

Abstract

Kohl is a widely used traditional come. It that this hazard is no longer confind to the third world. Those kobbls that contained kad were sold in violation of laws on lead in cosmetics in both of these nations. Third-word phins and health care workers appear to be unaware of possible lead uptake from unspected trad ly used items. Physicians in developed natiom with patients from Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa need to bctor in the possbility of past or present lead intake from unorthodox sources such as kohl.

Heavy Metals in Lipstick Products Marketed in Saudi Arabia

“…Various methods are currently available for detecting heavy metals, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [2], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry [23] [24], sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) [18] and plasmafission spectrograph [25]. A Perkin Elmer-Optima 7300DV Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used for Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn under the optimized parameters (Table 3) at power, 1550 W; plasma gas, 15 L/min; aux gas, 0.2 L/min; nebulizer, 0.8 L/min; sampling rate, 0.3 mL/min.…”

Primary prevention and health outcomes: Treatment of residential lead-based paint hazards and the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning

“…Besides paint and gasoline, cultural sources of lead exposure that tend to originate outside the US include pottery, cosmetics, and folk remedies brought to the US from Mexico, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East (Trotter, 1990;Parry and Eaton, 1991;Shannon, 1998). Although these sources can lead to extreme cases of lead poisoning in children (Parry and Eaton, 1991;Shannon, 1998), they present a much smaller source of exposure (both in volume of lead and in the number of children exposed) than paint and gasoline.…”

Chronic Ayurvedic medicine use associated with major and fatal congenital abnormalities

“…It is used in the Middle East, India, Pakistan, and some parts of Africa for medicinal and cosmetic reasons (Parry and Eaton 1991). It is believed to strengthen and protect the eyes against disease.…”