Koch Snowflake Fractal Embedded Octagonal Patch Antenna with Hexagonal Split Ring for Ultra-wide Band and 5G Applications

Abstract

A Koch Snowflake fractal structure embedded octagonal patch antenna with a hexagonal split ring for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and 5G applications is proposed. In this proposed design, Koch Snowflake pattern is chosen for embedding into the octagon-shaped patch antenna, which tentatively develops a miniaturized cross-sectional area in the radiator and introduces wide resonance with enhanced gain. The complete dimensions of the proposed model are 25 × 30 × 1.6 mm 3 . The simulated design and fabricated prototype feature a Peak Gain of 6.3 dBi and 6.27 dB respectively; Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of 168% (Frequency ranges from 2.6 GHz to 28.9 GHz) and 168% (Frequency ranges from 2.4 GHz to 28.5 GHz) respectively which are tested and measured using Microwave analyzer and anechoic chamber. Thus, the proposed antenna covers the resonance which includes S-band, C-band, X-band, Ku-band, and K-band. Also, it completely wraps the UWB spectrum range (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz), 5G (Sub-6 GHz band) Frequency Range 1 (FR 1) spectrum, and most deployed 5G mm-wave Frequency Range 2 (FR 2) spectrum (24.25 GHz to 29.5 GHz).