2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56546-0
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Koala retrovirus viral load and disease burden in distinct northern and southern koala populations

Abstract: Koala retrovirus (KoRV) displays features of both an endogenous and exogenous virus and is linked to neoplasia and immunosuppression in koalas. This study explores the apparent differences in the nature and impact of KoRV infection between geographically and genetically separated "northern" and "southern" koala populations, by investigating the disease status, completeness of the KoRV genome and the proviral (DNA) and viral (RNA) loads of 71 northern and 97 southern koalas. All northern animals were positive f… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(58 citation statements)
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“…The prevalence of KoRV varies depending on the geographical location of a particular population [ 13 ]. Variations in KoRV proviral loads in koala genomes have been reported by us and others [ 5 , 13 , 16 , 23 25 ]. These reports are indicative of the ongoing endogenization process that KoRV is undergoing.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 53%
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“…The prevalence of KoRV varies depending on the geographical location of a particular population [ 13 ]. Variations in KoRV proviral loads in koala genomes have been reported by us and others [ 5 , 13 , 16 , 23 25 ]. These reports are indicative of the ongoing endogenization process that KoRV is undergoing.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…KoRV is now endemic in both wild and captive koalas and represents a major threat to koala health [ 7 , 9 , 23 , 31 33 ]. KoRV shows variations in its prevalence depending on the geographical location of the population and the virus subtype [ 13 , 25 , 33 35 ] (Fig. 1 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Consistent with these analyses, we found a strikingly similar prevalence of KoRV subtypes at each of our study sites, suggesting that the spread of KoRV in this region occurred before gene flow between our populations was limited by the BVB 24 and the rapid and widespread declines in koala populations 30,000-40,000 years ago 23 . Utilising deep sequencing of the KoRV proviral env gene and our well-defined clinical groups, we failed to detect any association between the proviral detection of any KoRV subtype, including KoRV-B 15 , and disease progression 16,44,45 . This suggests that the presence of KoRV provirus alone is not sufficient to influence chlamydial disease progression and that subtype expression might be more important 46 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…The complete koala genome was not available at the time of our study for identifying primers for pVL normalization with single copy genes. Fourthly, as with other molecular epidemiologic studies using PCR, our results could include detection of defective genomes and may not reflect infectivity of the detected variants (7,16,20,46). Finally, as koalas are infected with multiple subtypes, determination of the contributions of a single or multiple KoRV variants to neoplasia or other diseases is complex and requires research beyond the scope of our study, including animal model studies with infectious molecular clones.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%