“…Previous studies have recognized the positive effect of N-Helix collaborations (e.g., industry, government, university, non-profit organizations, civil society) on multiple stakeholders’ needs satisfaction (Carayannis & Campbell, 2010 ; Fischer et al, 2020 ; Blair-Fuentes et al, 2021 ). Nevertheless, the literature has also recognized many challenges in the configuration of N-Helix collaborations, such as response-times, bureaucracy, exclusion feelings, ethical dilemma, and intellectual property (Brannback et al, 2008 ; Goyal et al, 2016 ; Kraus et al, 2018 ).…”