Knowledge Spillovers: An Evidence from The European Regions

Kijek, Arkadiusz; Kijek, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/joitmc5030068

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In order to take into account the institutional proximity among regions located in particular countries, we included country dummies in the model. A similar approach was used by Kijek and Kijek (2019) spillovers within European regions. Analysing the direct effect of HTS on TFP, we notice that the increase of own employment in high-tech sectors results in higher regional TFP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, one would expect that the increase of employment in high-tech sectors in a region leads to the increase of its TFP and spurs additional (codified) knowledge flows into neighboring regions. On the other hand, the positive effects of human capital spillovers may be only found when the complementary stock of regional R&D is accumulated (Kijek and Kijek 2019 Wald test of spatial terms: chi2(2) = 19.08; Prob > chi2 = 0.000; Pseudo R2 = 0.57…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge-intensive Specialisation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the EU Regional Scope

Kijek¹,

Matras-Bolibok²

2020

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of knowledge-intensive specialisation on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the EU regional scope. To calculate TFP defined as the aggregated output-input ratio, we employ the multiplicatively-complete Färe-Primont index as it satisfies all economically-relevant axioms and tests from the index number theory. The knowledge intensive specialisation of EU regions is captured by the statistics on high-tech industry and knowledge-intensive services, i.e. the employment in high-tech sectors as a percentage of total employment (HTS). The research sample consists of 248 EU regions at NUTS 2 level. The key findings of the study indicate that the employment in high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services is not distributed uniformly in the EU regional space. Similarly, TFP also varies substantially across the EU regions. Moreover, the results of the research model estimation show that specialisation in high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services directly affects regional TFP. The main implication of our analysis for the policymakers is to explore and support knowledge-intensive specialisation patterns, that should be built upon existing regional technological competencies and human capital endowment according to the smart specialisation strategies approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge-intensive Specialisation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the EU Regional Scope

Kijek¹,

Matras-Bolibok²

2020

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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“…At the inter-regional or country level, there may exist positive or negative human capital externalities. The former may result from the exchange of knowledge and experience between employees from neighboring regions [25]. For example, Saxenian [41] argues that highly qualified immigrants may keep their professional links to the home countries/regions, which allows for the brain-circulation process.…”

Section: Nonlinearities In the Impact Of Human Capital On Tfpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although R&D activities are territorially embedded and a region is regarded as a platform upon which new economic knowledge can be created, harnessed, and commercialized into innovations [23], the new economic geography theory suggests that inter-regional knowledge externalities make a major contribution to explaining regional economic growth [24]. The beginning of knowledge diffusion can have a local character, but it may diffuse behind the boundaries of the region, because of the presence of various modes of inter-regional proximities [25]. It should be noted that the economic exploitation of external R&D requires a minimal level of regional innovation potential generated by internal R&D. Griffith et al [26] present the theoretical framework to regard R&D not only as a means to stimulate innovation but also as a factor that improves technology transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Effects of Human Capital and R&D on TFP: Evidence from European Regions

Kijek

2020

Sustainability

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The aim of the paper is to study the impact of human capital and R&D on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) from a nonlinear perspective. In the spirit of the theory of innovation-driven growth and models with thresholds in human capital and low-growth equilibria, we hypothesize that the impact of human capital and R&D on TFP is nonlinear. We also make an attempt to explain complementarities between R&D expenditures and human capital, applying developments in the R&D-based growth models. We use spatial panel data models to estimate the link among R&D, human capital, and TFP across the European regions between 2009 and 2014. Empirical evidence shows that there are decreasing returns to human capital and R&D in the European regional space. Moreover, R&D and human capital turn out to be strategic complements. Finally, regional TFP is found to be positively affected by TFP of neighboring regions.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1808 2 of 14 human capital that cannot be revealed using the standard linear approach. Secondly, we extend our analyses by incorporating the spatial dimension of knowledge spillovers into our empirical model. It gives a new insight into the role of geography in explaining regional TFP differences.Our article is organized in the following way. Part 2 includes the literature review and hypotheses development. Part 3 presents data and empirical models. Part 4 shows empirical findings and discussion, and Section 5 concludes and indicates directions for future research. Literature Review and Hypotheses Development The Link Between R&D and TFP: Some Stylised Facts about Possible NonlinearitiesAs generally accepted, R&D expenditures are targeted toward increasing the stock of knowledge so as to discover new applications and inventions [11]. According to the possibility of the research commercialization into commercial applications, there is a distinction between fundamental research, applied research, and development. Similarly, a distinction is made between R&D directed toward process R&D (the introduction of new methods of production) and product R&D (the invention of new and modified goods). As such, the impact of R&D on productivity is twofold. Firstly, process R&D may increase productivity by enhancing the quality or lowering the average production costs of existing goods. Secondly, product R&D may widen the range of intermediate inputs or final goods available [12].The association between R&D investments and TFP has a conceptual basis in the literature on R&D-based stream of endogenous growth models, which is rooted in the neoclassical growth theory. According to the neoclassical theory, total factor productivity reflects a shift in the production function resulting from technical progress [13]. Since technical progress is closely related to the knowledge stemming from research and development activities, endogenous technical change is regarded to be generated by formal R&D investments. The first generation of R&D-based models assumes that more R&D labor should result in more TFP growth. In other words, th...

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“…This concentration benefits firms because of the presence of externalities (such as larger productivity) and knowledge spillovers. However, in the information economy era, the strength and nature of agglomeration economies have been questioned: whereas some studies defend the concept that information and telecommunications technology would reduce the need for being close, leading to fragmented and dispersed metropolises (Mitchell, 1996;Hamidi and Zandiatashbar, 2018), other scholars conclude that physical proximity is still important, as evidenced by Storper and Venables (2003) and Kijek and Kijek (2019) in knowledge-based economy. Moreover, while traditionally, agglomeration economies were highly related to the secondary/manufacturing sector (and subsequently the service sector), since the 1980s and 1990s, these economies relate to the production, processing and diffusion of knowledge services (Lambooy, 1998;Wan Winden et al, 2007;Camagni et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge Economy Clustering at the Intrametropolitan Level: Evidence from Madrid

et al. 2021

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Despite the increasing relevance of knowledge-based activities in the global economy, their spatial distribution at the intrametropolitan scale has rarely been studied. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the intrametropolitan spatial localisation of knowledge-based activities by assessing some of its main causal mechanisms, paying special attention to agglomeration economies and borrowed size (both questioned in the era of Information and Communications Technologies because of the theorised 'death of distance'), the controversial role of industrial diversity and specialisation (traditionally considered exclusive processes) and path dependence.The empirical application refers to the case of the Madrid urban region for the period between 2012 and 2017. This study area proves particularly appropriate for two main reasons. First, the area is a main urban region in the European and global urban systems. Second, the area is a good example of a multicore urban region with a traditionally strong metropolis. The results show that the knowledge economy remains strongly dependent on the size of the city itself (agglomeration economies) and of the surrounding areas (borrowed size), that the specialisation and diversity processes are complementary and appear at different scales and that, in the specialisation of certain areas in some knowledge economy activities, the city's trajectory (path dependence) plays an important role. The results of the present study have various practical implications for policymakers when considering not only strategies (and investments) to coordinate land availability, worker training, connections between research centres and companies and amenities but also strategies to coordinate with the surrounding municipalities (e.g. in terms of mobility or joint public and private projects).

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Knowledge Spillovers: An Evidence from The European Regions

Cited by 11 publications

References 58 publications

Knowledge-intensive Specialisation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the EU Regional Scope

Knowledge-intensive Specialisation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the EU Regional Scope

Nonlinear Effects of Human Capital and R&D on TFP: Evidence from European Regions

Knowledge Economy Clustering at the Intrametropolitan Level: Evidence from Madrid

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