Knowledge sharing about deep-sea ecosystems to inform conservation and research decisions

Abstract

The Marianas Trench Marine National Monument (MNM) currently extends policy-based protection to deep-sea ecosystems contained within it, but managers require better understanding of the current knowledge and knowledge gaps about these ecosystems to guide decision-making. To address this need, we present a case study of the Marianas Trench MNM using in-depth interviews to determine scientists' (1) current understanding of anthropogenic drivers of change and system vulnerability in deep-sea ecosystems; and (2) perceptions of the least understood deep-sea ecosystems and processes in the Marianas Trench MNM, and which of these, if any, should be research priorities to fill knowledge gaps about these systems and the impacts from anthropogenic drivers of change. Interview respondents shared similar views on the current knowledge of deep-sea ecosystems and potential anthropogenic drivers of change in the Marianas Trench MNM. Respondents also identified trench and deep pelagic (bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones) ecosystems as the least understood, and highlighted climate change, litter and waste, mining and fishing, and interactions between these drivers of change as critical knowledge gaps. To fill key knowledge gaps and inform conservation decisionmaking, respondents identified the need for monitoring networks and time-series data. Our approach demonstrates how in-depth interviews can be used to elicit knowledge to inform decision-making in data-limited situations.

Quantifying deep‐sea predator–prey dynamics: Implications of biological heterogeneity for beaked whale conservation

“…As human interference in the deep sea increases through resource exploitation (fishing, mining and hydrocarbon extraction) and larger scale influences including climate change, ocean acidification and acute and chronic noise pollution, human interference in the deep sea could outpace our basic understanding of how it functions (Taylor & Roterman, ). Deep‐sea management efforts have largely focused on protecting the seafloor or habitats associated with geological features (reviewed in Davies, Roberts, & Hall‐Spencer, ; see also Januchowski‐Hartley et al., ), including in one case, the presence of a submarine canyon providing important habitat for several deep‐diving cetaceans (Hooker, Whitehead, & Gowans, ). Our results indicate that management of the deep sea should also consider water column features that may be persistent, as indicated by long‐term beaked whale habitat preferences, but associated with neither clear geological or epipelagic features.…”

“…The potential impacts and sustainability of some deep‐sea and pelagic fisheries have been considered (e.g. Koslow et al., ; Roberts, ), but most deep‐water management decisions have focused on the sea floor (Januchowski‐Hartley, Selkoe, Gallo, Bird, & Hogan, ; Robison, ).…”