Knowledge pattern assessment of potential safety threats of compact fluorescent lamps in Kuwait

Abstract

Globally, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are increasing consistently, and Kuwait is not an exception. However, these lamps contain mercury, which is highly injurious to human health and the environment. This study assessed Kuwaiti respondents' awareness using a large-scale national survey conducted on a random sample of 6210 individuals (response rate 84.3%). The questionnaire was comprised of four sections and utilized skip logic branching. The modes were paper-based, face-to-face interviews, and electronic structured questionnaires. Data were also analyzed through the Pearson chi-square test to know the significant differences in lamp type preferences and the reasons for the preferences. Almost half of the participants (51.4%) knew the difference between incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Only 11.1% were using incandescent lamps solely in their houses. The remaining 88.9% used fluorescent lamps (38.4%) or both types (50.5%). The results showed that 48.3% think fluorescent lamps save energy, whereas 81.3% of people were unaware of their mercury content. The knowledge patterns towards breakage showed that respondents who chose the proper response were 31.9% for evacuation, 14.6% for aeration, and 7.3% for turning off the AC. The awareness of populations to take appropriate actions towards proper disposal was very poor in case of fluorescent lamp accidental breakage or when it completes its life cycle because most of them did not know about the proper evacuation, aeration, and cleanup measures. These findings are beneficial for the government and policymakers to take essential steps to create relevant awareness channels among the country's communities for safety from expected health hazards.

Recycling and Material Flow Analysis of End-of-Life Fluorescent Lamps in South Korea

“…A number of studies have been conducted to examine recycling systems and processes of mercury lamps for waste management [11,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], while the recycling activities and statistics of fluorescent lamps are available, especially in the USA [20], Germany [21], Japan [22], Taiwan [11], Iran [23], China [24,25], and Kuwait [26]. Lee et al (2015) presented the management of end-of-life fluorescent lamps by the producer responsibility recycling program, as well as the recycling and reprocessing and policies in Taiwan [11].…”

“…Lee et al (2015) presented the management of end-of-life fluorescent lamps by the producer responsibility recycling program, as well as the recycling and reprocessing and policies in Taiwan [11]. Alsanad et al (2021) addressed the lack of awareness of the community regarding proper usage, disposal, and recycling of fluorescent lamps in Kuwait and emphasized the implementation of the take-bake programs of the lamps [26]. Viana et al (2022) reviewed the environmental concerns and recycling perspectives highlighting mercury and rare earth elements in fluorescent lamps.…”