“…Therefore, it is not surprising that there has been a proliferation of studies aiming at better understanding the effects of KOL on outcomes which have been carried out across different contexts including hospitality (Shamim et al, 2019;Donate et al, 2022), technology firms (Donate and de Pablo, 2015;Donate and Guadamillas, 2011;Zia, 2020), pharmaceutical companies (Shariq et al, 2019) and SMEs (Zia, 2020). The findings have supported the positive effects of KOL on innovation (Donate and de Pablo, 2015;Naqshbandi and Jasimuddin, 2018;Sadeghi and Rad, 2018), creativity (Men and Jia, 2021), knowledge management (Jiang et al, 2021;Latif et al, 2020a;Shamim et al, 2019;Zia, 2020), learning orientation (Shariq et al, 2019) and organizational performance (Alneadi et al, 2020;Rehman and Iqbal, 2020). However, despite the assumption that KOL encourages intellectual stimulation and promotes a learning culture within teams, further studies are needed to empirically analyze how this type of leadership can stimulate learning within teams in R&D contexts.…”