Knowledge, opinions and compliance related to the 100% smoke-free law in hospitality venues in Kampala, Uganda: cross-sectional results from theKOMPLY Project

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study evaluated knowledge, opinions and compliance related to Uganda’s comprehensive smoke-free law among hospitality venues in Kampala Uganda.DesignThis multi-method study presents cross-sectional findings of the extent of compliance in the early phase of Uganda’s comprehensive smoke-free law (2 months postimplementation; pre-enforcement).SettingBars, pubs and restaurants in Kampala Uganda.Procedure and participantsA two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure was used to select hospitality sites stratified by all five divisions in Kampala. A total of 222 establishments were selected for the study. One hospitality representative from each of the visited sites agreed to take part in a face-to-face administered questionnaire. A subsample of hospitality venues were randomly selected for tobacco air quality testing (n=108). Data were collected between June and August 2016.Outcome measuresKnowledge and opinions of the smoke-free law among hospitality venue staff and owners. The level of compliance with the smoke-free law in hospitality venues through: (1) systematic objective observations (eg, active smoking, the presence of designated smoking areas, ‘no smoking’ signage) and (2) air quality by measuring the levels of tobacco particulate matter (PM2.5) in both indoor and outdoor venues.ResultsActive smoking was observed in 18% of venues, 31% had visible ‘no smoking’ signage and 47% had visible cigarette remains. Among interviewed respondents, 57% agreed that they had not been adequately informed about the smoke-free law; however, 90% were supportive of the ban. Nearly all respondents (97%) agreed that the law will protect workers’ health, but 32% believed that the law would cause financial losses at their establishment. Indoor PM2.5 levels were hazardous (267.6 µg/m3) in venues that allowed smoking and moderate (29.6 µg/m3) in smoke-free establishments.ConclusionsIn the early phase of Uganda’s smoke-free law, the level of compliance in hospitality venues settings in Kampala was suboptimal. Civil society and the media have strong potential to inform and educate the hospitality industry and smokers of the benefits and requirements of the smoke-free law.

Adherence to smoke-free policies in Ghana: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of hospitality venue owners and staff

“…Fourth, most of our respondents were waiters and receptionists rather than managers and owners (who were unavailable for the interviews due to their limited availability), which has to be kept in mind when interpreting the results. Despite these limitations, our study provides strong evidence on the knowledge, opinion and compliance of hospitality staff towards the SFP in Ghana using a validated questionnaire 26 . Further, the use of a random sampling strategy for venue selection, collection of both observational and objective data 23 and the selection of the three largest cities in Ghana are potential strengths of this study.…”

“…Data were collected over a 10-week period from July to September 2019, including a three-day pilot data collection in Kumasi. Owners and staff of the hospitality venues were interviewed via a pretested face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from similar studies 24 , 26 . Once the trained interviewers (n=4) arrived at the selected hospitality venues, they were required to seek an informed consent from the managers (or any person with similar authority) before commencement of the survey.…”

Implementation of Smoke-Free Law in Denpasar Bali: Between Compliance and Social Norms of Smoking

“…restaurants, pub, bar, night club. [17][18][19] This result indicated that the current strategies were yet to successfully increase the compliance.…”

Alcohol and substance use prevention in Africa: systematic scoping review

“…The results indicate alcohol (Birhanu et al, 2014 Ghebremichael et al, 2009;Glozah et al, 2015;Kalema et al, 2015;Koopman et al, 2008;Medley et al, 2014;Onya et al, 2012;Papas et al, 2012;Peltzer & Pengpid, 2012;Schneider et al, 2016;Takahashi et al, 2018Takahashi et al, , 2017Watt et al, 2016;Wechsberg et al, 2008) as the most predominantly used substance in most of the countries. The second commonly reported type of substance used in other countries is cigarette smoking (Ali et al, 2012;Birhanu et al, 2014;Embleton et al, 2013;Gravely et al, 2018;Jradi et al, 2013;Peltzer & Pengpid, 2012;Sreeramareddy et al, 2014;Takahashi et al, 2017). Additionally, studies from South Africa indicate a variety of substances used such as alcohol (Cubbins et al, 2012;Koopman et al, 2008;Medley et al, 2014;Onya et al, 2012;Peltzer & Pengpid, 2012;Schneider et al, 2016;Watt et al, 2016;Wechsberg et al, 2008), methamphetamine (Meade et al, 2015;Mushanyu et al, 2017;Wechsberg et al, 2008), amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) (Scheibe et al, 2016), heroin (Scheibe et al, 2016;Wechsberg et al, 2008), cocaine (Wechsberg et al, 2008), crack cocaine (Wechsberg et al, 2008), tobacco (Wechsberg et al...…”

“…Community based preventive interventions, where locally available resources are used were identified in the study • Alternative sources for traditional alcohol brewers and sellers should be created • Interventions to mitigate alcohol consumption in the area must target social networks of alcohol consumers•Changing the drinkers' attitude toward alcohol as well as addressing the availability of unlicensed homemade brews were also suggested•Limitations of the study may include underreporting of alcohol consumption of women due to stigma associated with women drinking alcohol•A smaller sample size made it impossible to assess multiple l correlates of alcohol intake•The amount of alcohol consumed in units was relatively difficult to measure due to unavailability of standardized alcohol content of homemade brews•This study was a preliminary stage of an intervention project aimed at reducing hazardous alcohol consumption in the sub country(Gravely et al, 2018) Preventive interventions such as smoke free public places policy and its enforcement in public places, compliance to set policies as well as policies that affect access to and availability of drugs and substance have been identified• Additionally, campaign for increasing awareness of the smoke-free law, establishment of a coordinated enforcement system to facilitate compliance with the smoke-free law by Ugandan Ministry of Health and Civil Society has been identified• Implementation of smoke free laws may lead to changes in public support which may serve as an indicator of changing societal smoking norms(Duresso et al, 2018) Reduced substance use as well as improved incomes among stimulant consumers were reportedly reduced by a 12 -step self-help group approach • This approach's consideration as a treatment process for khat abuse may provide effective low cost options, which may be easy to organize since khat chewing is social by its nature (Continued)Country of Study What are the identified risk factors of drug and substance use? What are the types of prevention interventions identified/used in the study?(Papas et al, 2012) Both individual and community based interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) group health education intervention(Birhanu et al, 2014) Recommended preventive interventions were to foster anti substance use attitudes among individual adolescents, parents and peers through multidimensional prevention programming done by the government.…”