Knowledge of HIV serostatus and risk behaviour among injecting drug users in Estonia

Abel-Ollo, Katri; Rahu, Mati; Rajaleid, Kristiina; Talu, Ave; Platt, Lucy; Bobrova, Natalia; Rhodes, Tim; Uusküla, Anneli

doi:10.1080/09540120802657522

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In Moldova,112 Ukraine73 and Russia,52 the injection of home-produced opioids such as ‘hanka’ or ‘shirka’ (a liquid poppy extract) is reported alongside heroin injection. In Estonia the use of the synthetic opiate, fentanyl (‘China White’, ‘White Persian’ or ‘Afghan’), has become common alongside amphetamine injection 71 113. In Central Europe, heroin is reported as the main drug injected, although studies also report between 30% and 51% injecting amphetamines as their main drug,100 114 115 and the Czech Republic reports the highest prevalence of methamphetamine use in Europe 116–118.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and objectivesHIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a major public health concern in Eastern and Central Europe and Central Asia. HIV transmission in this group is growing and over 27 000 HIV cases were diagnosed among PWID in 2010 alone. The objective of this systematic review was to examine risk factors associated with HIV prevalence among PWID in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia and to describe the response to HIV in this population and the policy environments in which they live.DesignA systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature addressing HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV prevalence among PWID and a synthesis of key resources describing the response to HIV in this population. We used a comprehensive search strategy across multiple electronic databases to collect original research papers addressing HIV prevalence and risk factors among PWID since 2005. We summarised the extent of key harm reduction interventions, and using a simple index of ‘enabling’ environment described the policy environments in which they are implemented.Studies reviewedOf the 5644 research papers identified from electronic databases and 40 documents collected from our grey literature search, 70 documents provided unique estimates of HIV and 14 provided multivariate risk factors for HIV among PWID.ResultsHIV prevalence varies widely, with generally low or medium (<5%) prevalence in Central Europe and high (>10%) prevalence in Eastern Europe. We found evidence for a number of structural factors associated with HIV including gender, socio-economic position and contact with law enforcement agencies.ConclusionsThe HIV epidemic among PWID in the region is varied, with the greatest burden generally in Eastern Europe. Data suggest that the current response to HIV among PWID is insufficient, and hindered by multiple environmental barriers including restricted access to services and unsupportive policy or social environments.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The occurrence of serosorting among IDUs has been reported before 23. While serosorting was mentioned as a strategy for risk reduction, this seems an unreliable strategy given the low knowledge of true HIV status among IDUs 9 24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condom use and partnership intimacy among drug injectors and their sexual partners in Estonia: Table 1

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…60 According to the analysis based on NSP clients, 73% of IDUs were reached by NSP during the preceding month and 40-46% of IDUs attend NSP regularly. 45 Methadone detoxification has been available in Estonia since 1998, but opioid substitution maintenance treatment with methadone was officially introduced in 2001. 61,62 Because HIV/AIDS and illicit drug use in Estonia are interrelated, methadone treatment is state financed according to the national HIV/AIDS strategy.…”

Section: Response To the Hiv/aids Epidemic In Estoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 While exploring risk behavior (both injecting and sexual) according to knowledge of HIV serostatus, HIV-positive IDUs aware of their serostatus appeared to be involved in higher risk behaviors (measured as odds of receptive sharing of used injecting equipment and water with peers, sharing with a sexual partner or a known HIV-positive person, and having an IDU as a sexual partner), compared with those not aware of their serostatus and those who knew they were seronegative. 45 IDUs tend to be young (mean age around 25) and sexually active, with almost half having reported multiple sexual partners within a year in several studies. 36,45,46 In a crosssectional survey among current IDUs in Tallinn in 2007 (84% of whom were men), 44.9% of the 347 respondents reported having had two or more partners during the preceding year.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 IDUs tend to be young (mean age around 25) and sexually active, with almost half having reported multiple sexual partners within a year in several studies. 36,45,46 In a crosssectional survey among current IDUs in Tallinn in 2007 (84% of whom were men), 44.9% of the 347 respondents reported having had two or more partners during the preceding year. Of those sexually active during the preceding 6 months, two or more main partners were reported by 11.7% and two or more casual partners by 40.1% within the past 6 months and 2% of respondents had received money, drugs, or other commodities for sex at some time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estonia at the Threshold of the Fourth Decade of the AIDS Era in Europe

Laisaar

Avi

DeHovitz

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article describes the trends of HIV/AIDS and related conditions in Estonia during the past decade (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009), with special focus on the potential for epidemic transition. Key transmission determinants and major risk groups are examined and problems and barriers to fighting HIV/AIDS with possible applications in prevention and control are described. Estonian routine data sources and published literature were reviewed, supplemented with information from personal communication with physicians and public health specialists.

show abstract

Knowledge of HIV serostatus and risk behaviour among injecting drug users in Estonia

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy

HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy

Condom use and partnership intimacy among drug injectors and their sexual partners in Estonia: Table 1

Estonia at the Threshold of the Fourth Decade of the AIDS Era in Europe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About