1992
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x
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Knowledge, knerves and know‐how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure

Abstract: Failure of expert motor skill is common in cases where performers are highly motivated to succeed. One cause of this can be an inward focus of attention in which an attempt is made to perform the skill by consciously processing explicit knowledge of how it works. The resulting disruption of the automaticity of the skill leads to its failure. It follows from this that disruption of automatic processing will be avoided if performers have little or no explicit knowledge of their skill. Subjects in the reported ex… Show more

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Cited by 959 publications
(1,090 citation statements)
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“…Low T3-Fz coherence is thought to reflect less dependence on explicit processes for motor performance (see Deeny, Hillman, Janelle, & Hatfield, 2003;Zhu, Poolton, Wilson, Maxwell, & Masters, 2011b). As such, expert marksmen displayed lower EEG T3-Fz coherence than less skilled shooters (Deeny et al, 2003) and novice golfers who used an implicit motor learning paradigm (Masters, 1992;Maxwell, Masters, Kerr, & Weedon, 2001) displayed lower EEG T3-Fz coherence than more explicit learners (Zhu et al, 2011b). In a recent study that modified the continuous 24 tracking task paradigm for laparoscopic surgical skills training, T3-Fz alpha power coherence was greater when participants were made aware of the repeated waveform pattern compared to when participants were not, suggesting that T3-Fz alpha power coherence reflects the use of explicit knowledge of characteristics of the pattern to support tracking performance (Zhu et al, 2011a).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Low T3-Fz coherence is thought to reflect less dependence on explicit processes for motor performance (see Deeny, Hillman, Janelle, & Hatfield, 2003;Zhu, Poolton, Wilson, Maxwell, & Masters, 2011b). As such, expert marksmen displayed lower EEG T3-Fz coherence than less skilled shooters (Deeny et al, 2003) and novice golfers who used an implicit motor learning paradigm (Masters, 1992;Maxwell, Masters, Kerr, & Weedon, 2001) displayed lower EEG T3-Fz coherence than more explicit learners (Zhu et al, 2011b). In a recent study that modified the continuous 24 tracking task paradigm for laparoscopic surgical skills training, T3-Fz alpha power coherence was greater when participants were made aware of the repeated waveform pattern compared to when participants were not, suggesting that T3-Fz alpha power coherence reflects the use of explicit knowledge of characteristics of the pattern to support tracking performance (Zhu et al, 2011a).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Si les habiletés des experts sont automatisées, cette augmentation de l'attention portée sur le geste provoque le passage d'un contrôle inconscient à un contrôle conscient qui déstabilise ces acquisitions. C'est notamment l'hypothèse des processus conscients (« conscious processing hypothesis ») soutenue par Masters (1992). Hardy, Mullen et Martin (2001) ont examiné l'hypothèse de la distraction et l'hypothèse des processus conscients en demandant à des experts en trampoline de se concentrer sur des connaissances explicites pertinentes liées au processus, énoncées par l'entraîneur, pour réaliser leur action, et ce, dans deux conditions expérimentales de haute et basse pression.…”
Section: L'étude Des Contre-performances Sous L'effet De La Pressionunclassified
“…Dans la majorité des théories présentées, le stress et l'anxiété cognitive sont considérés comme des facteurs importants ayant un effet sur les capacités attentionnelles (Eysenck et Calvo, 1992 ;Hardy, 1996), ou sur les stratégies attentionnelles (Masters, 1992 ;. Dans le cas de la situation sportive, le stress naît d'un écart entre la demande perçue et la capacité perçue à faire face (Jones, 1990).…”
Section: Les Stratégies De Gestion Du Stressunclassified
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