“…The extraction of semantic relationships between entity pairs from text is a focal point of interest within the information extraction community (Mintz et al 2009;Fei, J. Li, et al 2022;, characterized as a categorization challenge upon specification of entity pairs (Jingye Li et al 2021;Fei, Ren, and Ji 2020a;Wang et al 2022;Miwa and Bansal 2016;Fei, Ren, and Ji 2020b). While traditional supervised techniques depend on extensive manual annotation, limiting their scope to specific domains, distant supervision has attracted considerable attention for its ability to harness self-generated training corpora (Liu et al 2023;Zhuang, Fei, and Hu 2023;Mintz et al 2009;Cao et al 2022), pushing the envelope in relation extraction (RE) performances.…”