Knowledge base influences on judgments of frequency of occurrence

Harris, Joanna F.; Durso, Francis T.; Mergler, Nancy L.; Jones, Susan

doi:10.1016/0885-2014(90)90028-r

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Looking at the effect of familiarity on nonverbal stimuli provides a different picture from that of verbal stimuli. Harris, Durso, Mergler, and Jones (1990) found that children and young adults judged the frequency of occurrence of familiar faces more accurately than unknown faces. Despite the difficulties noted earlier with regard to using faces as nonverbal stimuli, these findings suggest that novelty, or degree of familiarity, may be an important variable when judging the frequency of occurrence of nonverbal stimuli; in fact, the effect of familiarity is the reverse of that found with verbal stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aging and memory for frequency of occurrence of novel, visual stimuli: Direct and indirect measures.

Wiggs¹

1993

Psychology and Aging

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Memory for frequency of occurrence typically is investigated using familiar stimuli (e.g., words) and with "direct" tests of memory; that is, the subject is required to state explicitly how often an item occurred or which item occurred more often. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effects of age on the ability to make judgments (i.e., direct tests) regarding the frequency of occurrence of words and of novel, visual stimuli (Japanese ideograms). In Experiment 3, young and old subjects were compared on "indirect" measures of memory for frequency of occurrence of these ideograms, as indexed by the mere exposure effect. On the direct test of memory, elderly and young subjects did not differ when shown words, but elderly were impaired compared with young subjects when ideograms were presented. When tested indirectly, both groups were sensitive to the frequency of occurrence of ideograms. The pattern of results replicates and extends previous findings regarding performance dissociations between direct and indirect measures of memory in aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aging and memory for frequency of occurrence of novel, visual stimuli: Direct and indirect measures.

Wiggs¹

1993

Psychology and Aging

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“…22 Children provide especially biased responses to discrete (e.g., yes/no) questions 23-26 and have been shown to have difficulty making frequency judgments as required by the Child-SCAT3. 27,28 Consequently, it is considered best practice when interviewing young children to maximize the use of open-ended questions and engage in pre-interview “ground rules” discussions to allow children to practice saying “I don't know” and asking for clarification. 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline Performance and Psychometric Properties of the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (Child-SCAT3) in 5- to 13-year-old Athletes

Nelson

Loman

LaRoche³

et al. 2017

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Objective To determine the normative, baseline performance and psychometric properties of the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (Child-SCAT3) in 5-13 year-old athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Practice filds. Participants Contact sport athletes (N = 155) 5-13 years old. Independent Variables Age, gender, verbal intellectual functioning (receptive vocabulary) Main Outcome Measures Child-SCAT3: self- and parent-reported symptoms, cognitive performance (child form of the standardized assessment of concussion; SAC-C), and balance (modified balance error scoring system, mBESS-C; tandem gait). A subset of the sample repeated the Child-SCAT3 at another date. Some subjects also completed the Adult-SCAT3 version of the symptom checklist and mBESS. Results Small to medium-sized effects of age were observed on all Child-SCAT3 components. Effects of gender and receptive vocabulary were observed on select components of the SCAT3. Younger age and lower receptive vocabulary were independently associated with greater symptom endorsement, yet parents rated higher symptom burden for older children. Internal consistency reliability and stability of symptom ratings was good to excellent. Stability was more modest for SAC-C and tandem gait scores and very poor for mBESS-C scores, perhaps due to restricted variance. Interrater reliability (self- versus parent-rated symptoms) was fair. Conclusions The Child-SCAT3 self-report symptom checklist may be inappropriate to administer to younger school-aged children. Some of the age effects observed warrant use of demographically-appropriate norms in Child-SCAT3 interpretation. The findings can provide guidance for clinicians assessing children of varying ages and point to directions for further development of refined approaches for pediatric concussion assessment.

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“…Thus, following the premise that one bases frequency estimates on domain‐specific knowledge (i.e. the people one knows; Harris et al , 1990), if one associates with friends who tend to be inclusive of other‐race members (i.e. other high‐contact students), then one is likely to observe such inclusiveness and generalize it to one's peers as a whole when making frequency estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, children with higher intergroup contact are likely to know and associate with high‐contact children, and children with lower intergroup contact are likely to know and associate with low‐contact children. Moreover, studies such as that by Harris, Durso, Mergler, and Jones (1990) found that frequency estimations are based on domain‐specific knowledge of stimuli, that is, on people one knows rather than on people one does not know. In view of these findings, we predicted that students with higher levels of intergroup contact would give relatively lower estimations of race‐based exclusion, while those with lower levels of intergroup contact would give relatively higher estimations of such exclusion among their friends and acquaintances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

It is who you know that counts: Intergroup contact and judgments about race‐based exclusion

Crystal

Killen

Ruck

2008

British J of Dev Psycho

146

141

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Intergroup contact and evaluations about race-based exclusion were assessed for majority and minority students in fourth, seventh, and tenth grades ( = 685). Students were presented with scenarios depicting cross-race relations in contexts of dyadic friendship, parental discomfort, and peer group disapproval. Participants reporting higher levels of intergroup contact gave higher ratings of wrongfulness of exclusion and lower frequency estimations of race-based exclusion than did participants reporting lower levels of such contact. Intergroup contact also predicted students' attributions of motives in two out of three scenarios. Findings are discussed in terms of the extant literature on peer relations, moral reasoning, and intergroup contact.

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Knowledge base influences on judgments of frequency of occurrence

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Aging and memory for frequency of occurrence of novel, visual stimuli: Direct and indirect measures.

Aging and memory for frequency of occurrence of novel, visual stimuli: Direct and indirect measures.

Baseline Performance and Psychometric Properties of the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (Child-SCAT3) in 5- to 13-year-old Athletes

It is who you know that counts: Intergroup contact and judgments about race‐based exclusion

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