Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and practices differences regarding HIV in populations living along the Maroni river: particularities of operational interest for Amerindian and Maroon populations

Melle, Astrid Van; Parriault, Marie-Claire; Basurko, Célia; Jolivet, Anne; Flamand, Claude; Pigeon, Perrine; Caudal, Johanna; Lydié, Nathalie; Halfen, Sandrine; Goerger-Sow, Marie-Thérèse; Nacher, Mathieu

doi:10.1080/09540121.2015.1032203

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…STIs might be underdiagnosed in French Guiana due to a lack of awareness in clinicians and patients. Stigma and discrimination in small communities may be an important reason for not getting tested 22,23 . Geographical isolation is often cited as a protective factor, limiting contact with other ethnicities and therefore reducing risks of contamination 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of skin diseases in Amerindian villages of the Upper Oyapock, French Guiana

et al. 2020

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Background Due to their genetic characteristics, their isolation in rainforest areas, and their traditional way of life, Amerindian populations are likely to suffer from a specific spectrum of dermatoses. However, there are few available data on such skin disorders. Our aims were to describe all skin disorders in two Amerindian villages of French Guiana. Methods This retrospective study concerned all patients who consulted in the HealthCentres of Camopi and Trois-Sauts between July 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018. We included all patients classified with an ICD code linked to a skin disorder. All medical records were cross-checked by two dermatologists to correct misclassifications.Results A total of 639 patients formed the study population, for 866 different skin disorders. Non-sexually transmitted infections represented 57.6% of all skin disorders, followed by eczema (11.5%) and bites/envenomations (9.1%). Bacteria were responsible for 238 skin infections, followed by fungi (141 cases) and parasites (69 cases, including 43 scabies, nine cutaneous leishmaniasis, and two tungiasis). We reported a low prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (10 cases) and an absence of skin cancers. ConclusionsThis study revealed the absence of skin cancer in the Amerindian population of the Upper Oyapock and the important burden of infectious and animal-related diseases. Future studies should assess a possible underestimation of sexually transmitted diseases in this area. Public health policies should target neglected diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis, tungiasis, scabies, and envenomations. Atopic dermatitis was a significant and unexpected cause of consultations. Dermatological conditions in the Amerindian villages of French Guiana have never been described. About 12,000 Amerindians live in this territory, divided into six different ethnic groups. Many of them live in cities where ethnic diversity makes their study difficult, and the selection of patients according to ª

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of skin diseases in Amerindian villages of the Upper Oyapock, French Guiana

et al. 2020

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“…[ 6 , 7 ] The prevalence of penile nodules is variable: [ 2 ] 1% among sailors in Indonesia; In the Philippines a study 72 of 92 men had bollitas mostly inserted following the advice of a group or a friend; 0.5% in sex clinics in Thailand; 31% of methamphetamine users in Thailand (90% had them inserted by a friend and 80% in prison); 0.64% among Russian immigrants in Israel; 22% among Yakuza inmates in Japan; 16.6% among Maroons (descendents of runaway slaves from Dutch plantations in Suriname) and 9.3% among Amerindians living on the Maroni in French Guiana. [ 8 ] A review of reports on penile nodules showed the mean age of persons was 25 years and that the average number of beads was 2.71. [ 2 ] The reported reasons why persons insert these nodules may be cultural, to show membership to a certain group, to enhance sexual pleasure of the sex partners, or on the contrary to inflict pain during intercourse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of penile nodules in French Guiana's sole prison facility

et al. 2018

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PurposePenile implants or nodules are objects inserted beneath the skin of the penis mostly for erotic purposes. The procedure is painful and there may be complications. It is often associated with prison. Our objectives were to describe the prevalence of penile nodules among inmates in French Guiana, and to study factors associated with this practice, notably psychiatric diagnoses.MethodsThe study was cross-sectional. All consenting new adult prisoners incarcerated between 01/01/2014 and 31/12/2014 at the penitentiary centre of French Guiana were included. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to screen for psychiatric diagnoses.ResultsOf 492, 29.6% declared having penile nodules. The median number was 4 (IQR = 2–7). The number of nodules correlated with age. There was no statistical link between the presence of penile nodules and the reasonforincarceration. Multivariate analysis showed that persons <45years with prior incarcerations, with substance addiction, and those with a history of death in the family were more likely to have penile nodules. Those with psychosis and those with suicidal risk were less likely to have penile nodules. Prisoners speaking English or Maroon languages seemed more likely to have penile implants in the multivariate model.ConclusionsOverall, 29.6% of arriving inmates had penile nodules. The practice was linked to drug addiction and was less frequent among those with psychosis and suicidal risk. Given the high HIV prevalence in prison, penile nodule may be an obstacle to condom-based prevention.

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“…The repetition of a suicide attempt was significantly linked to the consumption of marijuana, a potentially interesting information for prevention [ 27 ]. Recent studies of a different design seemed to suggest that alcohol and marijuana consumption were greater than in the general population [ 32 , 33 ]. Psychiatric risk factors have a clear influence on suicidal acts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The balanced sex ratio, which is unusual, could suggest particularities regarding gender relations with particular psychological distress among young women. We did not have any data to further explore this hypothesis but previous studies showed 11% of women experiencing forced first intercourse [ 33 ]. The absence of secondary schools, leads to separation between youths and their family as they move to other towns to continue studying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of suicide among Amerindians in Camopi-Trois Sauts, French Guiana 2008–2015

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSuicide within the Amerindian community of Camopi (1741 inhabitants) in French Guiana has been an increasing problem widely reported in the media leading the French Government to mandate a parliamentary mission to investigate the matter. The purpose of the study was to describe this phenomenon and identify factors associated with suicide attempts.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted from the health centers’ medical records. All suicide attempts and suicides committed between 2008 and 2015 by Amerindians living in Camopi and Trois Sauts were compiled. Contextual factors and suicide representations were also analyzed.ResultsDuring the study period, the annual attempted suicide rate and the suicide rate were higher in the last 3 years. The overall annual rate was equal to 6.9/1741 or 396 per 100, 000 inhabitants for attempted suicide and 172 per 100,000 inhabitants for suicide, which is more than 10 times higher than the suicide rate in mainland France. The mortality rate was 30.4% versus 8.2% in mainland France. The 10–20 year-old age group represented 70% of suicide deaths. There was no significant difference between genders. A recent death and interpersonal conflict were the main stressful life events reported by respondents (55 and 52%, respectively). Alcohol addiction (30% of the respondents) was associated with suicide attempts under the influence of alcohol (p = 0.03). Repetition of suicide attempts was associated with cannabis consumption (p = 0.03). Depression was reported among 45% of the respondents. A third of respondents reported having been abused during their childhood. Over half of respondents reported that their suicide attempt was motivated by a spirit (58%).ConclusionsDespite limitations due to the small population size and limited time frame, this is the first study to describe the epidemiology of suicide among Amerindians living in Camopi. In contrast with other French territories, the suicide rate was very high, the sex ratio was balanced and younger age groups were most affected.

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Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and practices differences regarding HIV in populations living along the Maroni river: particularities of operational interest for Amerindian and Maroon populations

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Spectrum of skin diseases in Amerindian villages of the Upper Oyapock, French Guiana

Spectrum of skin diseases in Amerindian villages of the Upper Oyapock, French Guiana

Prevalence and predictors of penile nodules in French Guiana's sole prison facility

The problem of suicide among Amerindians in Camopi-Trois Sauts, French Guiana 2008–2015

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