Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward polypharmacy among older people attending Family Medicine Clinic, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Background Life expectancy has increased over the last century among older individuals, particularly those 60 years and over. Aging is associated with increased disability, multiple chronic conditions, and increased use of health services managed with polypharmacy. There are few studies on polypharmacy and aging in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is unclear what older people know and their attitudes toward polypharmacy. This paper presents findings from a study that aimed to understand older people's knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward polypharmacy. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth interviews of 15 patients aged 60 years and older taking more than five medications per day. The study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Family Medicine Clinic (FMC). Data were analyzed using NVivo 12 software. Results Participants had a good understanding of their comorbidities. For many, healthcare professionals and the Internet remained credible sources of polypharmacy. Their beliefs influenced compliance with polypharmacy in order to live. Although adverse side effects were reported, participants remained positive because they believed these medicines were beneficial. Religious faith and living healthy lifestyles were perceived to contribute to their positive attitude toward polypharmacy. Stigma and the cost of the medication were reported as barriers. Conclusion Older patients need to be educated to reduce the negative attitudes and stigma associated with polypharmacy. Prescription review is encouraged at every clinical encounter to ensure that older patients do not use potentially inappropriate medications. Further research could explore polypharmacy in the geriatric population attending public institutions and in rural settings in Kenya.