Knowledge attitude practice study of diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of visual impairment. It is preventable with proper screening and treatment of diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess awareness of the disease in the population and educate them. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding diabetes and DR in India.Methods: We conducted a knowledge, attitude, and practice study of 1152 participants belonging to various economic backgrounds across India, using a validated questionnaire from Shri C. H. Nagri Eye Institute, Ahmedabad. We divided the study population into diabetics and non-diabetics. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.Results: Out of 1152, 121 (10.5%) were diabetics and 1031 (89.5%) were nondiabetics. Mean age of diabetics (55.71) was higher than non-diabetics (37.55) (p<0.001). Only 34% of non-diabetics and 55% of diabetics knew about DR. There was a positive co-relation between knowledge of diabetes (r=0.262, p<0.001) and DR (r=0.096, p=0.031) with the level of education. Only 20% admitted that diabetics were at a higher risk for eye problems. A significant portion of participants (40%) said they were never counselled for DR and 54% never had a fundus examination.Conclusions: The There is a clear lack of knowledge regarding diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. An alarming percentage of patients were never told about the complications and need for regular fundus examinations. There is an urgent need to increase its awareness. A collaborative approach of general-practitioners, ophthalmologists, diabetologist as well as health-policy makers is required to provide needs-based, context-specific comprehensive diabetic care in India.

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“…They are the ability of the drug to be present in the labelled amount and its availability to the body [5]. An oral tablet is meant to deliver the drug to the human body via the gastro-intestinal system in order to produce a therapeutic effect [6][7][8]. It had been reported that in many situations, the bioavailability of drugs from different manufacturers did not give the same therapeutic response [9].…”

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“…Mechanism for DR are not clear, but the most probable cause is intraocular formation of reactive oxygen species and protein kinase C activation that causes hyper permeability of the retinal blood vessels which deteriorate retinal blood flow, thickening of the basement membrane, leading to ischemia and cellular signaling by vascular endothelial growth factors causing ocular neovascularization which lead to retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage can occur. DR types include non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy [17]- [19]. Proliferative DR is the most common sight-threatening complication of DM [19], [20].…”

“…Early DR is asymptomatic, [21] therefore, coordinated treatment strategies are essential to prevent or limit the progression of DR. Such strategies include regular screening of DR risk factors, glycemic control, and rapid diagnosis of DR [8], [17], [21].…”

“…Although the recommendations of the guidelines for regular screening and patient education are widespread [7], [10], [22]- [25]. Many diabetic patients do not receive eye care that can prevent vision impairment or blindness [17], [25] Awareness is the state or ability to perceive, feel, or recognize an event, object, or sensory pattern. At this level of consciousness, the observer can see the sensory data, which does not necessarily mean understanding.…”