Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Community Pharmacists on Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Lusaka, Zambia

Mudenda, Steward; Hankombo, Mutinta; Saleem, Zikria; Sadiq, Mohammad Jaffar; Banda, Michelo; Munkombwe, Derick; Mwila, Chiluba; Kasanga, Maisa; Zulu, Annie; Hangoma, Jimmy Mapenzi; Mufwambi, Webrod; Muungo, L; Kampamba, Ronald Mutati; Bambala, Andrew Munkuli; Abdulrahman, Noor Mohammed; Akram, Muhammad; Hikaambo, Christabel Nangu andu; Muma, John Bwalya

doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.20181826

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Our finding on the high AMS attitude of pharmacists agrees with previous studies, which have demonstrated that pharmacists have a high positive attitude towards AMS [ 29 , 41 , 42 ]. However, our study found that pharmacists had a low AMS practice [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial stewardship: Attitudes and practices of healthcare providers in selected health facilities in Uganda

et al. 2022

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Though antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes are the cornerstone of Uganda’s national action plan (NAP) on antimicrobial resistance, there is limited evidence on AMS attitude and practices among healthcare providers in health facilities in Uganda. We determined healthcare providers’ AMS attitudes, practices, and associated factors in selected health facilities in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study among nurses, clinical officers, pharmacy technicians, medical officers, pharmacists, and medical specialists in 32 selected health facilities in Uganda. Data were collected once from each healthcare provider in the period from October 2019 to February 2020. Data were collected using an interview-administered questionnaire. AMS attitude and practice were analysed using descriptive statistics, where scores of AMS attitude and practices for healthcare providers were classified into high, fair, and low using a modified Blooms categorisation. Associations of AMS attitude and practice scores were determined using ordinal logistic regression. This study reported estimates of AMS attitude and practices, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. We adjusted for clustering at the health facility level using clustered robust standard errors. A total of 582 healthcare providers in 32 healthcare facilities were recruited into the study. More than half of the respondents (58%,340/582) had a high AMS attitude. Being a female (aOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47–0.92, P < 0.016), having a bachelor’s degree (aOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24–2.63, P < 0.002) or master’s (aOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.13–3.75, P < 0.018) were significant predictors of high AMS attitude. Most (46%, 261/582) healthcare providers had fair AMS practices. Healthcare providers in the western region’s health facilities were less likely to have a high AMS practice (aOR: 0.52, 95% CI 0.34–0.79, P < 0.002). In this study, most healthcare providers in health facilities had a high AMS attitude and fair AMS practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial stewardship: Attitudes and practices of healthcare providers in selected health facilities in Uganda

et al. 2022

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“…Overall, CPs have good knowledge about antibiotics that can cause allergic reactions as also previously reported [50]. Sufficient knowledge related to antibiotic use may avert irrational dispensing of antibiotics and help decrease antibiotic resistance [51,52]. In our study, the majority of the CPs strongly agreed that antibiotic resistance usually occurs, when there are misuse and overuse of antibacterial agents with antibiotic resistance being one of the major public health problems in Pakistan [46,47,49,53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Antibiotics and Its Resistance: Two Phases Mixed-Methods Online Study Among Pakistani Community Pharmacists to Promote Rational Antibiotics Use

Khan¹,

Khan²,

Hayat³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is an emerging global threat to public health. Substantial evidence has indicated that community pharmacists (CPs) can play a critical role in managing the ever-increasing threat of antibiotic resistance. The study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of CPs (n=180) towards antibiotics and antibiotic resistance as well as to improve the rational use of antibiotics. Two phases of mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) online study were conducted in Pakistan from August 2019 to March 2020 by using validated questionnaires and semi-structured interview data. Different statistical methods were used to tabulate the quantitative data whereas inductive thematic analysis was conducted to categorize themes from the qualitative data and draw conclusions. Approximately 64.4% were male (mean: 29-33 years old). Overall, CPs had good knowledge of and were familiar with superbugs and their roles in ABR (65.6%, Median=1, IQR=1) although they were poor in differentiating some antibiotic groups with their respective ABR patterns (31.1%, Median=1, IQR=1). Most CPs have a positive attitude towards antibiotics with most (90.0%) having identified ABR as a critical issue in public health (Median=1, IQR=0). Overall, CPs' practices towards antibiotics were reasonable where they tend to educate patients about the rational use of antibiotics (52.8%, Median=1, IQR=1). Two main themes (antibiotics and counseling of patients) were related to self-medication with while educational interventions are the sub-theme. ABR is multifactorial where the subthemes related to budget, time constraints incompetent staff, the absence of CPs, the lack of training, enforcement of laws and regulations are the need of the hour in Pakistan. Effective antibiotic stewardship programs, patient education, and awareness campaigns about antibiotics and ABR along with training of the CPs are important factors that have to be addressed in a timely manner.

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“…35 AMR has several consequences including increased utilization of resources, economic and clinical burdens, and increased morbidity and mortality. [36][37][38] Hence, all necessary strategies and ethical approach must be put in place to curb AMR. 39,40 We need to conserve our environment by avoiding the disposal of unused and expired drugs in the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia

Kampamba

Cheela

Hikaambo

et al. 2021

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Unsafe disposal of unused and expired household medicines is a public health problem and mostly occur because of a lack of knowledge towards suitable medicine disposal methods. Thus, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on the disposal methods of unused and expired medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 385 students from three higher learning academic institutions were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire from 10th May to 24th June 2019. The cleaned data was then transferred to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis.Results: The mean age of the participants was 23 (SD±2.9). Out of the 385 participants, 215 (55.8%) did not know much about medical waste and 345 (89.6%) of them did not have any previous information regarding proper and safe disposal of unused and expired medicine. However, 351 (91.4%) of the participants appropriately responded that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicine poses a threat to human health and can harm the environment. Throwing unused and expired medicine in household garbage/bin was the most frequently used disposal practice followed by flushing them in toilet/sink as responded by 231 (60.0%) and 128 (33.3%) of participants respectively. Only 17 (4.42%) reported returning unused and expired medicines to the nearest pharmacy. Conclusions: The majority of the study participants used unsafe methods to dispose of unused and expired medicine. However, most of the participants acknowledged that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicines is a public health problem and proposed the need to introduce drug take-back programs in the communities.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Community Pharmacists on Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Lusaka, Zambia

Cited by 15 publications

References 105 publications

Antimicrobial stewardship: Attitudes and practices of healthcare providers in selected health facilities in Uganda

Antimicrobial stewardship: Attitudes and practices of healthcare providers in selected health facilities in Uganda

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Antibiotics and Its Resistance: Two Phases Mixed-Methods Online Study Among Pakistani Community Pharmacists to Promote Rational Antibiotics Use

Knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia

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