Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards mental illness service provision and associated factors among health extension professionals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ahmed, Eftu; Merga, Hailu; Alemseged, Fessahaye

doi:10.1186/s13033-019-0261-3

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Mental health extends beyond diagnosed mental disorders. According to World Health Organization (WHO) (2002), it encompasses personal well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, intergenerational dependence, and recognition of the ability to realize one's intellectual and emotional potential [ 1 – 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems has a remarkable impact on the attitude, the help-seeking path, and prevention of stigma and discrimination against patients with mental health problems. It is also the cornerstone for designing evidence-based community mental health interventions. However, the evidence is scarce in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding mental health problems and associated factors among communities of Jimma Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jimma zone from March 1 to 22, 2020. A structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 420 study participants selected through a systematic sampling technique. The knowledge about mental health was measured by the adapted version of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule tool. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done, and p-value < 0.05 and 95% CI were used to determine the predictors of the outcome variable. Results The overall knowledge score showed (188, 44.8%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge. Moreover, (75, 17.9%) of the respondents reported psychiatric disorders are contagious, and (138, 32.9%) mentioned leaving alone is the treatment for mental illness. Talking or laughing alone and showing strange or unusual behaviors were described as symptoms of mental illness by the majority (407, 96.9%) and (403, 96.0%) of respondents, respectively. Brain dysfunction was attributed to the cause of mental illness by most (390, 92.9%) of the study participants. Similarly, the percentage of responses that attributed the causes of mental illness to possession by an evil spirit, God’s punishment, and witchcraft were significantly high (368, 87.6%), (321, 76.4%) and (259, 67.1%), respectively. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that respondents who were able to read and write were 64% less likely to have adequate knowledge than those in secondary school and above educational status (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI (0.16–0.69)). Conclusion Knowledge of mental illness among the general public was relatively poor and higher levels of education were associated with good knowledge of mental health problems; this suggests the need for due emphasis on public education to improve the mental health literacy status of the community.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stigma is pervasive and affects communities, healthcare providers, planners and policy-makers. There is low mental health awareness among service users [81], service providers [82,83] and policy makers [49], accompanied by under-investment in mental health care [84] which might further contribute to the prevailing structural stigma. Even though there are opportunities [84], it could be di cult for Ethiopia to achieve UHC goal for mental illnesses, as it is required to increase service coverage by 50% for severe mental health conditions [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination in Ethiopia: Evidence Synthesis to Inform Stigma Reduction Interventions

Girma

Ketema

Mulatu

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background People with mental illnesses are at an increased risk of experiencing human rights violations, stigma and discrimination. Even though mental health stigma and discrimination are universal, there appears to be a higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. Anti-stigma interventions need to be grounded in local evidence. The aim of this paper was to synthesize evidence on mental health stigma and discrimination in Ethiopia to inform the development of anti-stigma interventions. Methods This evidence synthesis was conducted as a part of formative work for the International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes (INDIGO) Partnership research program. Electronic searches were conducted using PubMed for scientific articles, and Google Search and Google Scholar were used for grey literature. Records fulfilling eligibility criteria were selected for the evidence synthesis. The findings were synthesized using a framework designed to capture features of mental health stigma to inform cultural adaptation of anti-stigma interventions. Results A total of 37 records (2 grey literature and 35 scientific articles) were included in the evidence synthesis. Some of these records were described more than once depending on themes of the synthesis. The records were synthesized under the themes of explanatory models of stigma (3 records on labels and 4 records on symptoms and causes), perceived and experienced forms of stigma (7 records on public stigma, 6 records on structural stigma, 2 records on courtesy stigma and 4 records on self-stigma), impact of stigma on help-seeking (6 records) and interventions to reduce stigma (12 records). Only two intervention studies assessed stigma reduction— one study showed reduced discrimination due to improved access to effective mental health care, whereas the other study did not find evidence on reduction of discrimination following a community-based rehabilitation intervention in combination with facility-based care. Conclusion There is widespread stigma and discrimination in Ethiopia which has contributed to under-utilization of available mental health services in the country. This should be addressed with contextually designed and effective stigma reduction interventions that engage stakeholders (service users, service providers, community representatives and service developers and policy makers) so that the United Nations universal health coverage goal for mental health can be achieved in Ethiopia.

show abstract

“…Moreover, there were also 3,547 health centers and 311 hospitals established in the previous two decades. HEWs were formally trained to transfer knowledge and skills to families they serve so that households have better control over their health and facilitate referrals up and down the service delivery system 30,31 …”

Section: Delivery Models For Primary Health Care (Phc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEWs were formally trained to transfer knowledge and skills to families they serve so that households have better control over their health and facilitate referrals up and down the service delivery system. 30,31 The following are the innovative characteristics and unique contrast features of HEWs:…”

Section: Delivery Models For Primary Health Care (Phc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies, delivery models, and lessons learned from integrating mental health and substance abuse services into primary health care in Ethiopia

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Ethiopia, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent 18.3% of premature mortality, consume 23% of the household expenditures, and cost 1.8% of the gross domestic product. Risk factors such as alcohol, khat, and cannabis use are on the rise and are correlated with a substantial portion of NCDs. Associated NCDs include depression, anxiety, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction.The multi-faceted nature of mental health and substance abuse disorders require multi-dimensional interventions. The article draws upon participant observation and literature review to examine the Accepted Article policies, delivery models, and lessons learned from the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) experience in integrating Mental Health and Substance Abuse (MH/SA) services into primary care in Ethiopia. In 2019, FMOH developed national strategies for both NCDs and mental health to reach its population of over 114,000. Ethiopia integrated MH/SA services at all levels within the government sector, with an emphasis on primary care. FMOH launched the Ethiopian Primary Health Care Clinical Guidelines, which includes the delivery of NCD services, to standardize the care given at the primary health care level. To date, the guidelines have been implemented by over 800 health centers and is expected to improve the quality of service and health outcomes. Existing primary care programs were expanded to include prevention, early detection, treatment, and rehabilitation for MH/SA. This included training and leveraging an array of health professionals, including traditional healers and those from faith-based institutions and community-based organizations. A total of 244 health centers completed training in the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP). In 2020, 5,000 urban Health Extension Workers (HEWs) participated in refresher training, which includes mental health and NCDs. A similar curriculum for rural health workers is in development.Ethiopia's experience has many lessons learned about stakeholder buy-in, roles, training, logistics, and sustainability that are transferable to other countries. Lessons include that "buy-in" by leaders of public health care facilities requires consistent and persistent nurturing. Ensure the gradual and calibrated integration of MH/SA services so that the task-sharing will not be viewed as "task dumping." Supervision and mentorship of the newly trained is important for the delivery of quality care and acquisition of skills.

show abstract

Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards mental illness service provision and associated factors among health extension professionals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems: a cross-sectional study

Knowledge of the community regarding mental health problems: a cross-sectional study

Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination in Ethiopia: Evidence Synthesis to Inform Stigma Reduction Interventions

Policies, delivery models, and lessons learned from integrating mental health and substance abuse services into primary health care in Ethiopia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About