Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cold chain management among primary health care workers in Giwa, Northwestern Nigeria

Nwankwo, Bilkisu; Joga, Shuaibu Joga; Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi; Amadu, Lawal; Onoja-Alexander, Mary; Hamza, Khadeejah Liman

doi:10.4103/archms.archms_26_18

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have reported positive attitudes towards cold chain management [ 1 , 18 , 21 ]. A plausible explanation is that a positive attitude may influence the practice of maintaining vaccine cold chain management systems [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Chain Management by Healthcare Providers at a District in Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study

Asamoah

Enyan

Diji

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Background. Despite the relevance of cold chain management in maintaining the potency of vaccines, gaps still exist in the ability of healthcare practitioners to maintain the cold chain system effectively. Thus, the current study sought to assess healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and challenges regarding cold chain management. Methods. A concurrent mixed methods study was conducted at twelve facilities in the Sekyere Central District of Ghana. Eighty-six (86) participants took part in a survey that assessed their “cold chain management” knowledge and attitudes. Twelve (12) cold chain sites within the district were also observed in respect of their cold chain management practices. Eleven key informants were additionally interviewed to explore their challenges on cold chain management. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, ranges) and inferential statistics (Spearman’s rho correlation). Qualitative data were inductively analyzed into themes which described participants’ challenges on cold chain management. Results. Majority of the participants scored ≥70% on knowledge (68.6%) and attitudes (67.4%) toward cold chain management. However, there was a very weak positive and statistically insignificant relationship between participant’s knowledge and attitudes toward cold chain management ( r = 0.109 , p = 0.317 ). Regarding cold chain management practices, majority of the facilities had their vaccine vial monitors attached to the vaccines (8/12, 66.7%), had functional fridge tags (8/12, 66.7%), and an appropriate refrigerator to store vaccines (7/12, 58.3%). However, the study observed that 91.7% (11/12) of the facilities did not have policies and guidelines on cold chain management while all 12 facilities (100%) did not have a contingency plan in place for equipment. With regards to the cold chain management challenges, participants raised concerns about inadequate personnel, erratic power supply, logistical constraints, and transportation difficulties. Conclusion. Although majority of the participants had good knowledge and attitude towards cold chain management, there was a weak association between them. This implies that good knowledge may not necessarily influence good attitudes towards cold chain management and vice versa. The extent to which facilities support cold chain management practices was suboptimal. Participants encountered a number of challenges which prevented them from managing the vaccine cold chain system effectively. We recommend continual professional education for cold chain practitioners, provision of adequate human and material resources for cold chain management, and enhanced monitoring and evaluation of cold chain activities. Future studies should quantitatively measure individual participants’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and challenges on cold chain management so that we can establish the relationships that exist between these components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three (3) data collection instruments were used in the study: a structured questionnaire, an observational guide, and a semistructured interview guide. These instruments were developed based on existing literature [17][18][19][20][21][22] and policy guidelines on immunization in Ghana [7].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Chain Management by Healthcare Providers at a District in Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study

Asamoah

Enyan

Diji

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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“…In Nigeria, studies have shown that the proportion of vaccinees who do not seroconvert resulting in a primary vaccine failure (which may be due to a number of factor which might include inappropriate practice of the cold chain management, the potency of the vaccine administered and presence of maternal antobodies in vaccinees) is a very important factor in the control of measles in Nigeria [24]. In particular, the study in [24] showed that only 51.3% of primary health care workers has appropriate vaccine handling practice while [25] reported that 73.9% had appropriate vaccine handling practice. Also, [3] reported that 73% of health workers in Oyo state were aware of vaccine handling and storage guidelines with 68.4% having ever read such guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Vaccine Failure on the Transmission Dynamics of Measles in Nigeria

Nwankwo

Iboi

Okuonghae

2021

Preprint

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Measles is a vaccine preventable disease. However, it is still a major public health challenge in Nigeria.We therefore formulate a mathematical model for the transmission of measles with a two dose vaccination strategy and weaning of vaccine derived immunity. Using weekly measles cases for Nigeria in 2020 from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC), the model was validated. This modelling study via numerical simulations showed that there is a possibility of disease control with a ten fold increase in the vaccination rates. Also, it was shown that primary vaccine failure has more impact on disease dynamics than secondary vaccine failure. Thus control strategies should not just focus on increase the vaccination rates but also look at measures that will help in reducing primary vaccine failure.

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“…LGA, it was found that 83.7% reported always checking their refrigerator temperatures and up to 86.0% kept good records. 19 This underscores the importance of strict temperature monitoring to preserve vaccine potency and avoid unnecessary vaccine wastages. There are indications though that cold chain practices are suboptimal across wide range of settings in Sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the capacity of primary health care centres to provide routine immunization services amidst COVID-19 lockdown in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Suleiman

Olorukooba

Babandi

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt health systems across the globe, preventing access to essential health services. Lockdown measures against the virus may impact negatively on immunization services. This study aimed to ascertain the capacity of primary health care centres in Kaduna North senatorial district to provide routine immunization services amidst a state-wide lockdown.Methods: Cluster sampling was used to select four among eight local Government areas in the district. Facility in-charges and RI focal persons were interviewed using service availability and readiness assessment tool, restricted to immunization tracer items. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the mean number of vaccine doses given in the first quarter of 2020 (pre-lockdown) and the number of doses given in the second quarter (lockdown period).Results: Forty four PHCs were selected from Zaria (29.6%), Sabon Gari (25.0%), Makarfi (22.7%) and Kudan (22.7%). In addition to well-trained RI focal persons, most facilities had vaccines and commodities available. Shortages were noted for EPI guidelines (46%), Meningitis-A vaccine (36%) and certain cold chain equipment (up to 18%). Tetanus-diphtheria (Td-1) doses given during lockdown period were significantly lower than pre-lockdown doses (Mean difference=-45.58, 95% CI: -74.78 to -16.38, d=0.48). No significant difference exists for infant doses.Conclusions: Despite widespread availability of PHC facilities, trained personnel, vaccines and commodities, gaps still exist in service delivery, cold chain practices and vaccine supply management. Lockdown measures significantly disrupted immunization services and effective risk communication was key to achieving sustained utilization.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cold chain management among primary health care workers in Giwa, Northwestern Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Cold Chain Management by Healthcare Providers at a District in Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study

Cold Chain Management by Healthcare Providers at a District in Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study

Impact of Vaccine Failure on the Transmission Dynamics of Measles in Nigeria

Assessing the capacity of primary health care centres to provide routine immunization services amidst COVID-19 lockdown in Kaduna state, Nigeria

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