Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics and their determinants in Eritrea: an urban population-based survey

Russom, Mulugeta; Bahta, Merhawi; Debesai, Merhawi; Bahta, Iyassu; Kessete, Abrahalei; Afendi, Aziza; Fitsum, Yodit; Nambozi, Josephine; Kidane, Solyana Ngusbrhan; Tesfamariam, Eyasu H.

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046432

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…is lends support to previous results [39,40]. ese findings could be due to poor levels of knowledge, the inappropriate beliefs about antibiotic use, and consumption trends [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…e study area included five randomly selected public primary hospitals called Addis Zemen, Chilga, Debark, Kolladiba, and Wogera in the three Gondar zones, where there were ten primary hospitals. Based on the hospital's annual records, there were about 163,234 patients served by the year 2020 in their outpatient departments, given that Addis Zemen, Chilga, Debark, Kolladiba, and Wogera were delivering services to 41,208,27,472,40,804,26,260, and 27,472 clients, respectively [22].…”

Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Use among Patients Visiting Primary Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

Netere

Sendekie

2022

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Background. Antimicrobial medications are becoming ineffective because of the surge in antimicrobial resistance. Poor knowledge and inappropriate beliefs combined with the misuse of antibiotics may be common in the community and public health institutions. This study assessed the knowledge, belief, and antibiotic use practice among patients visiting rural hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from August to September 2020. The data are presented as frequencies and means (±SD) of our findings. The independent samples T test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to explore the mean knowledge differences of antibiotic use among respondents. A p value of <0.05 with 95% CI was considered significant. Results. More than half of the participants (57.2%) were males, and the mean age was 34.8 ± 13.4 years. The mean (±SD) knowledge score of the respondents was 3.69 (±1.7) (range: 0 to 10), and the majority (69.7%) had poor knowledge. The mean (±SD) belief score (acceptance towards antibiotic use) of the respondents was 20.08 ± 4 (range: 7 to 35) and most (70.1%) of the respondents had moderate levels of perception regarding antibiotic use. The majority (69.5%) of respondents took antibiotics over the past year. Participants practiced inappropriate uses of antibiotics such as medication discontinuation (49.5%), keeping unused antibiotics for future use (35.5%), and sharing medications with/from others (30.1%). Diploma holder participants had significantly higher mean knowledge scores on antibiotic use than those who were unable to read and write ( p = 0.047 ). Similarly, students had higher mean knowledge scores compared with farmers ( p = 0.024 ), merchants ( p = 0.031 ), and housewives ( p = 0.047 ). Conclusion. Our study showed a widespread misuse of antibiotics in Northwest Ethiopia. Malpractice such as dose interrupting, sharing of antibiotics for/from the others, and keeping leftover drugs for future use were common among the respondents. These findings suggest that a greater effort is required in public education related to proper and safe uses of antibiotics and that greater efforts are needed to enforce the control of antibiotic use to overcome the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

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“…is lends support to previous results [39,40]. ese findings could be due to poor levels of knowledge, the inappropriate beliefs about antibiotic use, and consumption trends [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Use among Patients Visiting Primary Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

Netere

Sendekie

2022

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“… 6 , 39 Additionally, women were found to possess a greater sense of personal accountability towards the proper disposal of medication. 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of general population knowledge, attitude, and practice on safe unused and expired drugs disposal: a cross-sectional study

Mohammed,

Al-Hamadani

2023

F1000Res

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Background The appropriate disposal of medication is a well-recognized issue that has convened growing recognition in several contexts. Insufficient awareness relating to appropriate methods for the disposal of unneeded medicine may result in notable consequences. The current research was conducted among the public in Iraq with the aim of examining their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the proper disposal of unused and expired medicines. Methods The present study used an observational cross-sectional design that was community-based. The data were obtained from using an online questionnaire. The study sample included people of diverse genders, regardless of their race or occupational status. The study mandated that all participants meet two criteria: firstly, they had to be a minimum of 18 years old, and secondly, they needed to have permanent residency status in Iraq. Results The research population consisted of 591 participants from general population. The majority of participants were men (64.8%) with average age of 33.5±9.1 years. The majority of participants (˃50%) answered four out of eight knowledge questions correctly. There were significant (P-value ˂0.05) differences in four knowledge items about disposing of unused/expired medications according to the educational level. Elder participants had significantly higher knowledge about the disposing of unused/expired medications compared to younger ones. More than 84% correctly agreed that improper disposal of unused and expired medication has adverse effects on environment. Although the majority of the participants had positive attitude toward the safe disposal of unused/expired medications, their actual practice was improper for these medications. Approximately 70% of the participants have disposed unused/expired medications into their home trash can. Conclusion Despite increasing awareness from the general populace about the possible harm and substantial hazards linked to expired medicines, there is an absence of understanding concerning the proper techniques for disposing of and managing these prescriptions.

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“…The overall inappropriate antibiotics use in a study performed in Northwest Ethiopia was 30.9% of which 18% was used for self-medication and 12.9% was used for treatment of family member [24]. A study done in LMICs like Eritrea showed the extent of dispensing antibiotic from the retail outlets without prescription to 87% [25]. In our study, about one third participants believed that antibiotics can be obtained from a pharmacy without a doctor’s prescription like other over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The knowledge and behaviours item consist of five questions (maximum score 25) while the practices item consist of ten questions (maximum score 50). The statements which opposed the notion of knowledge, behaviours and/or practices were graded 5 points for strongly disagree and 1 point for strongly agree, and accordingly rest responses of disagree, neutral/unsure and agree to 4, 3 and 2 points in decremental order respectively.…”

Section: Data Management and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Rational Use of Antibiotics: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study among People of Nepal

Khadka

Giri

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction : This research was conducted with the objective to accentuate antimicrobial misuse across knowledge, behaviour and practice domains among general people of Nepal. Materials and Methods : It was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted among 385 participants in Nepal from February 2022 to May 2022. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS® v21 and MedCalc for Windows v12.3.0. Modified Bloom’s cut-off point was utilized to categorize the participants’ overall knowledge, behaviour, and practice. The chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) using binary logistic regression at 95% CI, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test (r) was calculated wherever appropriate. Results: More than three-fifths of the participants (248, 64.42%) demonstrated good behaviour, whereas less than half of the participants showed good knowledge (137, 35.58%) and practice (161, 41.82%) about rational use of antibiotics. Health professionals had higher knowledge (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.70-1.62) and good behaviour (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27-0.64) than other professions (P-value< 0.05). Those with higher income (>= 50,000 NRs) had good behaviour (OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.65-6.87) and good practice (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.47-4.50) scores than those with less monthly income (P-value< 0.05). Similarly, higher educational degrees viz., master and/or above had good behaviour (OR: 4.13, 95% CI: 2.62-6.49) and good practice scores (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.68-3.87). Additionally, there were significant positive correlations between knowledge (K), behaviour (B) and practice (P) scores (r = 0.331 for K & B, r = 0.259 for K & P, and r = 0.618 for B & P respectively; P-value< 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings imply the demand of effective legislature, strict enforcement of the drug act and proper implementation of plans and policies to curb the antibiotic misuse. Lack of execution of existing laws and unawareness of the public lead to extravagant use of antibiotics.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics and their determinants in Eritrea: an urban population-based survey

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Antibiotic Use among Patients Visiting Primary Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

Antibiotic Use among Patients Visiting Primary Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

Assessment of general population knowledge, attitude, and practice on safe unused and expired drugs disposal: a cross-sectional study

Assessment of Rational Use of Antibiotics: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study among People of Nepal

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