Knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer and its prevention among female secondary school students in Nigeria

Ifediora, Christian; Azuike, Emmanuel Chukwunonye

doi:10.1111/tmi.13070

Cited by 29 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This difference is likely to due to differences in the age of the participants. The lack of cervical cancer knowledge reported in our study is similar to a Tanzanian study (30.9%) [34] and lower than the results from a Nigerian study (42.7%) [4]. The Tanzanian data was based on a 2011-12 survey, whereas the Nigerian sample was of high school students from 13 to 25 years, surveyed in 2018.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Additionally, it contributes to the largest cause of potential years of life lost due to young age onset in women between 35 and 50 years [2,3]. Both the higher incidence and mortality rates result from a lack of or low uptake in screening and preventative measures, late diagnosis, cost and availability of treatments and high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rates [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopsychosocial risk factors and knowledge of cervical cancer among young women: A case study from Kenya to inform HPV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2020

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Background Cervical cancer is the second most common female reproductive cancer after breast cancer with 84% of the cases in developing countries. A high uptake of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and screening, and early diagnosis leads to a reduction of incidence and mortality rates. Yet uptake of screening is low in Sub-Saharan Africa and there is an increasing number of women presenting for treatment with advanced disease. Nine women in their twenties die from cervical cancer in Kenya every day. This paper presents the biopsychosocial risk factors that impact on cervical cancer knowledge among Kenyan women aged 15 to 24 years. The findings will highlight opportunities for early interventions to prevent the worrying prediction of an exponential increase by 50% of cervical cancer incidences in the younger age group by 2034. Methods Data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) was analysed using complex sample logistic regression to assess biopsychosocial risk factors of knowledge of cervical cancer among young women aged 15 to 24 years (n = 5398). Findings Close to one third of the participants were unaware of cervical cancer with no difference between participants aged 15-19 years (n = 2716) and those aged 20-24 years (n = 2691) (OR = 1; CI = 0.69-1.45). Social predisposing factors, such as lack of education; poverty; living further from a health facility; or never having taken a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test, were significantly associated with lack of awareness of cervical cancer (p<0.001). Young women who did not know where to obtain condoms had an OR of 2.12 (CI 1.72-2.61) for being unaware of cervical cancer. Psychological risk factors, such as low

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopsychosocial risk factors and knowledge of cervical cancer among young women: A case study from Kenya to inform HPV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2020

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“…Even though the questionnaires included both positively and negatively worded questions, only the positively worded ones were included in the analysis. This is because, related papers have revealed that the positively worded questions were representative of the participants' views.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and cost‐effective teenage breast awareness campaigns: Insights from a Nigerian high school intervention study

Ifediora

Azuike

2019

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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Background: With limited government-sponsored breast screening programmes in developing countries, breast awareness remains the only realistic survival hope for millions. Poor levels of knowledge and preventive practices remain in these countries, and early enlightenment to empower teenage high school girls has been advocated for, recently. This study evaluates ways to ensure sustainability for such an approach.Method: A 6-month longitudinal, interventional cohort study of 432 high school female students in South-eastern Nigeria. The efficacies of a video-assisted face-toface intervention, as well as the use of printed handouts, were evaluated.Results: A total of 317 (73.4%) and 301 (69.7%) valid responses were received from the pre-intervention (16.8 ± 1.5 years) and post-intervention (17.2 ± 1.6 years) surveys, respectively.Logistic regression revealed that participants who were "engaged" with the campaigns, either through symposium attendance or by reading handouts, showed significant improvements on most aspects of knowledge regarding the cancer's early symptoms and risk factors, as well as breast self-examination (BSE). However, the monthly practice of BSE was not significantly increased (Attendees: OR = 1.44, P = 0.18; Handout-readers: OR = 1.52; P = 0.17). Also, when "engagement" to the respective empowerment activities was disregarded, a chi-squared analysis comparing the pre-intervention and post-intervention groups showed significant improvements on specific knowledge regarding risk factors and early symptoms of breast cancer, as well as BSE techniques and regular monthly practice: χ 2 (1, N = 596) = 46.703, P < 0.001. Across multiple parameters, the impact of exclusive face-to-face participation was not different to that from the reading of handouts.Conclusion: Face-to-face and handout were both effective and of similar impact.However, sustained impact on monthly BSE is doubtful. To surmount this, strategies to ensure ongoing engagements are vital. Perhaps adjusting existing high school curricula to allow repeated yearly teachings on breast cancer and BSE, along with in-built-in evaluation systems like examinations and quizzes, are ways of ensuring engagement.

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“…To reduce speculative responses, some questions in Parts 3 and 4 were worded negatively, while others were positive. However, only the positively-worded ones were analysed because an earlier but related paper [17] showed that these were representative of the participants' views.…”

Section: The Questionnaire: Design Despatch and Returnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] They also improve perceptions, [11,12] screening uptakes, [11,[13][14][15] and the adoption of positive behaviours among those affected. [16] A recent paper [17] suggested that health campaigns in developing countries should be targeted at young, senior secondary (high) school students, who are predominantly in their mid-to-late teens. Arguably, this suggestion is justified because, in a country like Nigeria, 15.6% of 16-year-old girls are already sexually exposed, [2] while 51.7% of university undergraduates become sexually active before they turn 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting cervical cancer campaigns on teenage high schoolers in resource-limited economies: lessons from an intervention study of Nigerian senior secondary school girls

Ifediora

Azuike

2018

Family Practice

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Background Given the dearth of government-sponsored programmes, preventive lifestyles and practices are the realistic hopes for millions of women in developing countries against cervical cancer. Early interventions for teenage high school girls have been advocated recently, but evidence-base for sustainable activities at this demographic is lacking. This article reduces this gap by determining the impact of two cervical cancer education techniques. Method This is a 6-month interventional cohort study of 432 female high school students in South-eastern Nigeria. Results A total of 317 (73.4%) and 301 (69.7%) valid responses were received from the pre-intervention (16.8 ± 1.5 years) and post-intervention (17.2 ± 1.6 years) surveys, respectively. About 213 (70.8%) were fully engaged with the interventions. Logistic regression revealed that participants who were ‘engaged’ with the interventions, either through symposium attendance or by reading of the printed handouts, showed significant improvements across multiple cervical cancer parameters regarding knowledge on ‘pap smears’ (analysed with four items), ‘HPV vaccine’ (two items) and ‘risk factors’ (two items). Improvements in Knowledge of ‘early symptoms’ were not improved, with ‘post-coital bleeding’ [odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; P = 0.87] and ‘being asymptomatic’ (OR = 0.69; P = 0.32) remaining statistically similar between the engaged and the unengaged. If ‘engagement’ with either intervention was disregarded, a chi-square analysis identified no significant improvement in knowledge on any parameter. Conclusion Ensuring ‘engagement’ with intervention campaigns is vital to achieving effective and sustainable cervical cancer knowledge. Engagement may be achieved by repeating the education activities across all the years/classes that make up high school in each developing country, along with formal examinations at each level.

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Knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer and its prevention among female secondary school students in Nigeria

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Biopsychosocial risk factors and knowledge of cervical cancer among young women: A case study from Kenya to inform HPV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa

Biopsychosocial risk factors and knowledge of cervical cancer among young women: A case study from Kenya to inform HPV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sustainable and cost‐effective teenage breast awareness campaigns: Insights from a Nigerian high school intervention study

Targeting cervical cancer campaigns on teenage high schoolers in resource-limited economies: lessons from an intervention study of Nigerian senior secondary school girls

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