This article examines "self-in-relation" theory, which posits that women develop and are empowered through mutually empathic relationships. It suggests how the concept of self-determination, which addresses the power and empowerment of clients, can be redefined from the perspective of self-in-relation theory to take better account of women's development and experience of themselves in the world.In The Woman Client, Burden and Gottlieb (1987, p. 47) argue persuasively that many of the social and psychological problems women encounter are a consequence of &dquo;the gender-based power imbalance in our society and the related inferior status assigned to women.&dquo; They make a convincing case for the therapeutic value of analyzing women's problems in terms of their power-related etiology.Social workers who accept the validity of Burden and Gottlieb's central premise with regard to understanding and helping women are challenged to use a human-behavior knowledge base that draws selectively on appropriate and complementary social and psychological knowledge and theories. As Burden and Gottlieb (p. 46) note, these practitioners require a human-