Know Your Heart: Rationale, design and conduct of a cross-sectional study of cardiovascular structure, function and risk factors in 4500 men and women aged 35-69 years from two Russian cities, 2015-18

Cook, Sarah; Malyutina, Sofia; Kudryavtsev, Alexander; Averina, Maria; Bobrova, Natalia; Boytsov, S. А.; Brage, Sören; Clark, Taane G.; Benavente, Ernest Diez; Eggen, Anne Elise; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Hughes, Alun D.; Johansen, Heidi; Холматова, К К; Kichigina, Anastasiya; Kontsevaya, A. V.; Kornev, Michael; Leong, Darryl P.; Magnus, Per; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; McKee, Martin; Morgan, Katy E; Nilssen, Odd; Plakhov, Ilya; Quint, Jennifer K; Rapala, Alicja; Ryabikov, Andrey; Saburova, Lyudmila; Schirmer, Henrik; Shapkina, Marina; Shiekh, Suhail; Shkolnikov, Vladimir M.; Stylidis, Michael; Воевода, М. И.; Westgate, Kate; Leon, David A.

doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14619.3

Cited by 51 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Sampling bias introduced by non-response in KYH was assessed by comparing the realised sample against data from the Russian Census 2010 on age, gender, and higher education attainment [8]. Overall, the realised sample for the health check was close to equity, ratio of 0.99 (95% CI 0.93-1.06) for Arkhangelsk and 1.26 (1.17-1.34) for Novosibirsk.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Know Your Heart (KYH) is a cross-sectional, populationbased study of cardiovascular structure, function, and risk factors in over 4500 men and women aged 35-69 years living in two Russian cities, Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk, 2015-2018 [8]. The Tromsø Study is a longitudinal, population-based, prospective study with repeated data collections since 1974 in the municipality of Tromsø in Northern Norway.…”

Section: Data Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A flow diagram of the sample selection is presented in Figure S1 (Supplementary materials). Response rates for the health check component in KYH was 67% in Arkhangelsk and 37% in Novosibirsk [8] (denominator: all issued, excluding addresses not found or where no one of target age and gender were found). The response rate in Tromsø 7 was 65% [9].…”

Section: Data Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood pressure in the Tromsø 7 study was measured using Dinamap ProCare 300 blood pressure monitors (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) calibrated before the fieldwork. In both studies three measurements were taken with two minutes seated rest in between [8]. Participants were assigned to different antihypertensive classes based on their systolic and diastolic blood pressure (average of last two out of three measurements) according to the European hypertension treatment guidelines [6] and antihypertensive use.…”

Section: Blood Pressure Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncontrolled and apparent treatment resistant hypertension: a cross-sectional study of Russian and Norwegian 40–69 year olds

Petersen

Malyutina

Ryabikov

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor. We examined uncontrolled hypertension and differences in treatment regimens between a high-risk country, Russia, and low-risk Norway to gain better understanding of the underlying factors. Methods: Population-based survey data on 40-69 year olds with hypertension defined as taking antihypertensives and/or having high blood pressure (140+/90+ mmHg) were obtained from Know Your Heart Study (KYH, N = 2284), Russian Federation (2015-2018) and seventh wave of The Tromsø Study (Tromsø 7, N = 5939), Norway (2015-2016). Uncontrolled hypertension was studied in the subset taking antihypertensives (KYH: N = 1584; Tromsø 7: 2792)and defined as having high blood pressure (140+/90+ mmHg). Apparent treatment resistant hypertension (aTRH) was defined as individuals with uncontrolled hypertension on 3+ OR controlled on 4+ antihypertensive classes in the same subset. Results: Among all those with hypertension regardless of treatment status, control of blood pressure was achieved in 22% of men (KYH and Tromsø 7), while among women it was 33% in Tromsø 7 and 43% in KYH. When the analysis was limited to those on treatment for hypertension, the percentage uncontrolled was higher in KYH (47.8%, CI 95 44.6-50.9%) than Tromsø 7 (38.2, 36.1-40.5%). The corresponding figures for aTRH were 9.8% (8.2-11.7%) and 5.7% (4.8-6.8%). Antihypertensive monotherapies were more common than combinations and used by 58% in Tromsø 7 and 44% in KYH. In both KYH and Tromsø 7, untreated hypertension was higher in men, those with no GP visit in the past year and problem drinkers. In both studies, aTRH was associated with older age, CVD history, obesity, and diabetes. In Tromsø 7, also male gender and any drinking. In KYH, also chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: There is considerable scope for promoting combination therapies in line with European treatment guidelines in both study populations. The factors associated with untreated hypertension overlap with known correlates of treatment non-adherence and health check non-attendance. In contrast, aTRH was characterised by obesity and underlying comorbidities potentially complicating treatment.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Data Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Pressure Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Uncontrolled and apparent treatment resistant hypertension: a cross-sectional study of Russian and Norwegian 40–69 year olds

Petersen

Malyutina

Ryabikov

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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“…In this paper, data from the Know Your Heart (KYH) study (Russia) and the Tromsø study (Norway) are compared to establish the differences in major cardiovascular biomarkers measured in blood among men and women aged 40–69 years. Norway has a CVD mortality rate approximately eight times lower than that in Russia in this middle-aged group 16 ; thus, it provides a good contrast for comparing CVD biomarker levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why does Russia have such high cardiovascular mortality rates? Comparisons of blood-based biomarkers with Norway implicate non-ischaemic cardiac damage

lakunchykova

Averina

Wilsgaard

et al. 2020

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundRussia has one of the highest rates of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). At age 35–69 years, they are eight times higher than in neighbouring Norway. Comparing profiles of blood-based CVD biomarkers between these two populations can help identify reasons for this substantial difference in risk.MethodsWe compared age-standardised mean levels of CVD biomarkers for men and women aged 40–69 years measured in two cross-sectional population-based studies: Know Your Heart (KYH) (Russia, 2015–2018; n=4046) and the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø 7) (Norway, 2015–2018; n=17 646). A laboratory calibration study was performed to account for inter-laboratory differences.ResultsLevels of total, low-density lipoprotein-, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in KYH and Tromsø 7 studies. N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were higher in KYH compared with Tromsø 7 (NT-proBNP was higher by 54.1% (95% CI 41.5% to 67.8%) in men and by 30.8% (95% CI 22.9% to 39.2%) in women; hs-cTnT—by 42.4% (95% CI 36.1% to 49.0%) in men and by 68.1% (95% CI 62.4% to 73.9%) in women; hsCRP—by 33.3% (95% CI 26.1% to 40.8%) in men and by 35.6% (95% CI 29.0% to 42.6%) in women). Exclusion of participants with pre-existing coronary heart disease (279 men and 282 women) had no substantive effect.ConclusionsDifferences in cholesterol fractions cannot explain the difference in CVD mortality rate between Russia and Norway. A non-ischemic pathway to the cardiac damage reflected by raised NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT is likely to contribute to high CVD mortality in Russia.

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Between‐study differences in grip strength: a comparison of Norwegian and Russian adults aged 40–69 years

Cooper

Shkolnikov

Kudryavtsev

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Identifying individuals with low grip strength is an initial step in many operational definitions of sarcopenia. As evidence indicates that contemporaneous Russian populations may have lower mean levels of grip strength than other populations in northern Europe, we aimed to: compare grip strength in Russian and Norwegian populations by age and sex; investigate whether height, body mass index, education, smoking status, alcohol use and health status explain observed differences and; examine implications for case‐finding low muscle strength. Methods We used harmonized cross‐sectional data on grip strength and covariates for participants aged 40–69 years from the Russian Know Your Heart study (KYH) (n = 3833) and the seventh survey of the Norwegian Tromsø Study (n = 5598). Maximum grip strength (kg) was assessed using the same protocol and device in both studies. Grip strength by age, sex and study was modelled using linear regression and between‐study differences were predicted from these models. Sex‐specific age‐standardized differences in grip strength and in prevalence of low muscle strength were estimated using the European population standard of 2013. Results Normal ranges of maximum grip strength in both studies combined were 33.8 to 67.0 kg in men and 18.7 to 40.1 kg in women. Mean grip strength was higher among Tromsø than KYH study participants and this difference did not vary markedly by age or sex. Adjustment for covariates, most notably height, attenuated between‐study differences but these differences were still evident at younger ages. For example, estimated between‐study differences in mean grip strength in fully adjusted models were 2.2 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 3.1] at 40 years and 1.0 kg (95% CI 0.5, 1.5) at 65 years in men (age × study interaction P = 0.09) and 1.1 kg (95% CI 0.4, 1.9) at age 40 years and −0.2 kg (95% CI −0.7, 0.3) at 65 years in women (age × study interaction P < 0.01). Conclusions We found between‐study differences in mean grip strength that are likely to translate into greater future risk of sarcopenia and poorer prospects of healthy ageing for Russian than Norwegian study participants. For example, the average Russian participant had a similar level of grip strength to a Norwegian participant 7 years older. Our findings suggest these differences may have their origins in childhood highlighting the need to consider interventions in early life to prevent sarcopenia.

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Know Your Heart: Rationale, design and conduct of a cross-sectional study of cardiovascular structure, function and risk factors in 4500 men and women aged 35-69 years from two Russian cities, 2015-18

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Uncontrolled and apparent treatment resistant hypertension: a cross-sectional study of Russian and Norwegian 40–69 year olds

Uncontrolled and apparent treatment resistant hypertension: a cross-sectional study of Russian and Norwegian 40–69 year olds

Why does Russia have such high cardiovascular mortality rates? Comparisons of blood-based biomarkers with Norway implicate non-ischaemic cardiac damage

Between‐study differences in grip strength: a comparison of Norwegian and Russian adults aged 40–69 years

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