Know your foe: lessons from the analysis of tsetse fly behaviour

Torr, Stephen J.; Vale, G. A.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2014.12.010

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Electrocuting traps may offer a solution to some of the issues associated with traditional mosquito trapping methods [16]. These devices were originally developed to quantify the numbers of tsetse flies attracted to humans and wildlife hosts (warthogs) by placing electrocuting nets in an incomplete ring around the host species [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Hawkes

Manin

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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Background Plasmodium knowlesi is found in macaques and is the only major zoonotic malaria to affect humans. Transmission of P. knowlesi between people and macaques depends on the host species preferences and feeding behavior of mosquito vectors. However, these behaviours are difficult to measure due to the lack of standardized methods for sampling potential vectors attracted to different host species. This study evaluated electrocuting net traps as a safe, standardised method for sampling P. knowlesi vectors attracted to human and macaque hosts.Field experiments were conducted within a major focus on P. knowlesi transmission in Malaysian Borneo to compare the performance of human (HENET) or macaque (MENET) odour-baited electrocuting nets, human landing catches (HLC) and monkey-baited traps (MBT) for sampling mosquitoes. The abundance and diversity of Anopheles sampled by different methods were compared over 40 nights, with a focus on the P. knowlesi vector Anopheles balabancensis.ResultsHLC caught more An. balabacensis than any other method (3.6 per night). In contrast, no An. balabacensis were collected in MBT collections, which generally performed poorly for all mosquito taxa. Anopheles vector species including An. balabacensis were sampled in both HENET and MENET collections, but at a mean abundance of less than 1 per night. There was no difference between HENET and MENET in the overall abundance (P = 0.05) or proportion (P = 0.7) of An. balabacensis. The estimated diversity of Anopheles species was marginally higher in electrocuting net than HLC collections, and similar in collections made with humans or monkey hosts.ConclusionsHost-baited electrocuting nets had moderate success for sampling known zoonotic malaria vectors. The primary vector An. balabacensis was collected with electrocuting nets baited both with humans and macaques, but at a considerably lower density than the HLC standard. However, electrocuting nets were considerably more successful than monkey-baited traps and representatively characterised anopheline species diversity. Consequently, their use allows inferences about relative mosquito attraction to be meaningfully interpreted while eliminating confounding factors due to trapping method. On this basis, electrocuting net traps should be considered as a useful standardised method for investigating vector contact with humans and wildlife reservoirs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2277-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Hawkes

Manin

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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“…Because Rhodesian HAT is a zoonosis, tsetse control is central to disease control [6]. Large, insecticide-treated blue and/or black cloth panels with accompanying odour lures, and insecticide-treated cattle, have both proved effective in controlling savannah tsetse [7,8]. However, the vast majority of HAT cases (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pronounced differences are evident in the behaviour of riverine and savannah tsetse, with the former less repelled by visual and olfactory stimuli emanating from humans, more likely to feed from smaller hosts such as reptiles and small mammals, and generally less responsive to odour lures [7]. In addition, although larger targets are most attractive to both riverine and savannah tsetse, the former are relatively more attracted to smaller visual targets than the latter [7,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, although larger targets are most attractive to both riverine and savannah tsetse, the former are relatively more attracted to smaller visual targets than the latter [7,12]. These behavioural differences are probably not the result of differences in tsetse physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These behavioural differences are probably not the result of differences in tsetse physiology. Instead, narrow and densely vegetated riverine habitats mean that odour plumes are of limited utility in host seeking, and the reduced probability of encountering hosts in such habitats necessitates less selectivity when one is encountered [7,17]. Identification of these crucial behavioural differences has allowed the development of ‘tiny targets’ for riverine tsetse, which comprise a 0.25 m x 0.25 m blue polyester panel adjacent to a 0.25 m x 0.25 m black polyethylene mosquito net panel, with both panels impregnated with deltamethrin insecticide [5,10,12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing photoreceptor-based models of visual attraction in riverine tsetse, for use in the engineering of more-attractive polyester fabrics for control devices

Santer

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Riverine tsetse transmit the parasites that cause the most prevalent form of human African trypanosomiasis, Gambian HAT. In response to the imperative for cheap and efficient tsetse control, insecticide-treated ‘tiny targets’ have been developed through refinement of tsetse attractants based on blue fabric panels. However, modern blue polyesters used for this purpose attract many less tsetse than traditional phthalogen blue cottons. Therefore, colour engineering polyesters for improved attractiveness has great potential for tiny target development. Because flies have markedly different photoreceptor spectral sensitivities from humans, and the responses of these photoreceptors provide the inputs to their visually guided behaviours, it is essential that polyester colour engineering be guided by fly photoreceptor-based explanations of tsetse attraction. To this end, tsetse attraction to differently coloured fabrics was recently modelled using the calculated excitations elicited in a generic set of fly photoreceptors as predictors. However, electrophysiological data from tsetse indicate the potential for modified spectral sensitivities versus the generic pattern, and processing of fly photoreceptor responses within segregated achromatic and chromatic channels has long been hypothesised. Thus, I constructed photoreceptor-based models explaining the attraction of G. f. fuscipes to differently coloured tiny targets recorded in a previously published investigation, under differing assumptions about tsetse spectral sensitivities and organisation of visual processing. Models separating photoreceptor responses into achromatic and chromatic channels explained attraction better than earlier models combining weighted photoreceptor responses in a single mechanism, regardless of the spectral sensitivities assumed. However, common principles for fabric colour engineering were evident across the complete set of models examined, and were consistent with earlier work. Tools for the calculation of fly photoreceptor excitations are available with this paper, and the ways in which these and photoreceptor-based models of attraction can provide colorimetric values for the engineering of more-attractively coloured polyester fabrics are discussed.

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Ecological Sustainability: Miombo Woodland Conservation with Livestock Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ruvuga

Selemani

Sangeda

2019

Climate Change Management

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Know your foe: lessons from the analysis of tsetse fly behaviour

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Developing photoreceptor-based models of visual attraction in riverine tsetse, for use in the engineering of more-attractive polyester fabrics for control devices

Ecological Sustainability: Miombo Woodland Conservation with Livestock Production in Sub-Saharan Africa

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