Knockdown of Akt isoforms by RNA silencing suppresses the growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

miRNA-708 Control of CD44+ Prostate Cancer–Initiating Cells

“…Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway contributes to tumorigenesis, which is associated with poor outcome in prostate cancer (38,39). AKT2 inhibition suppresses the growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (40). PI3K/AKT pathways also play a role in the maintenance and viability of stem-like cell populations in prostate cancer (41).…”

Identification and Quantification of AKT Isoforms and Phosphoforms in Breast Cancer Using a Novel Nanofluidic Immunoassay

“…However, the role that each AKT isoform plays in health and disease is not completely understood, as most studies on AKT were performed using antibodies that detect all three isoforms, despite increasing evidence suggesting they might have distinct, nonoverlapping functions in normal tissues and cancer. For example, recent siRNA silencing studies showed distinct functions for different AKT family members within a cell (10,11), and in breast cancer it was shown that the three isoforms exhibit different localizations and therefore are thought to have at least partially distinct functions (12). Additionally, even though all three AKT isoforms can transform cells in vitro (28), FIG.…”

“…Western blot analysis has been the foundation of most AKT studies, but in many cases pan-AKT antibodies have been employed that fail to distinguish between the different AKT isoforms. Recent siRNA silencing studies have indicated distinct functions for different AKT family members within a cell (10,11). Moreover, there is evidence in breast cancer that the three isoforms exhibit different localizations and therefore must have at least partially distinct functions (12).…”

MicroRNAs in Heart Failure

“…Atelocollagen, 82 a derivative of calf type I collagen, has been used similarly in multiple mouse models to successfully deliver small interfering RNA with a demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness. [83][84][85] Nanoparticles, composed of complexes of cationic liposomes, have similarly demonstrated efficacy in animal models. One of these is a monolamellar liposome termed SNALP (stable nucleic acid lipid particles), by Tekmira pharmaceuticals, can efficiently deliver miRNAs in multiple in vivo models, including a primate model, where demonstrated suppression of apolipoprotein B levels was shown.…”